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Hard x-ray photoemission and optical spectroscopies have been performed on YbS and Yb metal to determine the precise $f$-electron occupation. A comparison of the photoemission spectra with the energy loss functions in bulk and surface, obtained from optical reflectivity, enables us to distinguish between the energy loss satellite of Yb$^{2+}$ peak and Yb$^{3+}$ multiplet. The results clearly indicate a purely divalent Yb state except for the surface of YbS. We demonstrate that the present method is highly reliable in identifying the electronic structure and the mean valence in $f$-electron systems.
The electronic structure of (Ce,Yb)CoIn5 has been studied by a combination of photoemission, x-ray absorption and bulk property measurements. Previous findings of a Ce valence near 3+ for all x and of an Yb valence near 2.3+ for x>0.3 were confirmed.
We use hard x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (HAXPES) to investigate the electronic structure of YbAl2, for which the Yb valence has not been consistently reported to date. The bulk sensitivity and the analytical simplicity provided by the Yb 3d core
Recently, $alpha$-$textrm{RuCl}_3$ has attracted much attention as a possible material realization of the honeycomb Kitaev model, which may stabilize a quantum-spin-liquid state. Compared to extensive studies on its magnetic properties, there is stil
Quantum criticality has been considered to be specific to crystalline materials such as heavy fermions. Very recently, however, the Tsai-type quasicrystal Au51Al34Yb15 has been reported to show unusual quantum critical behavior. To obtain a deeper un
We elucidate the mechanism by which a Mott insulator transforms into a non-Fermi liquid metal upon increasing disorder at half filling. By correlating maps of the local density of states, the local magnetization and the local bond conductivity, we fi