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We analyze Hubbles approach to cosmology. In 1929 he accepted a finite expanding universe in order to explain the redshifts of distant galaxies. Later on he turned to an infinite stationary universe due to observational constraints. We show, by quoting his works, that he remained cautiously against the big bang until the end of his life.
We demonstrate that as we extrapolate the current $Lambda$CDM universe forward in time, all evidence of the Hubble expansion will disappear, so that observers in our island universe will be fundamentally incapable of determining the true nature of th
We consider a cosmology in which the final stage of the Universe is neither accelerating nor decelerating, but approaches an asymptotic state where the scale factor becomes a constant value. In order to achieve this, we first bring in a scale factor
Einsteins static model is the first relativistic cosmological model. The model is static, finite and of spherical spatial symmetry. I use the solution of Einsteins field equations in a homogeneous and isotropic universe -- Friedmanns equation -- to c
We investigate quantum vacuum effects for a massive scalar field, induced by two planar boundaries in background of a linearly expanding spatially flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker spacetime for an arbitrary number of spatial dimensions. For the Robin
The Hubble law, determined from the distance modulii and redshifts of galaxies, for the past 80 years, has been used as strong evidence for an expanding universe. This claim is reviewed in light of the claimed lack of necessary evidence for time dila