اشترك بالحزمة الذهبية واحصل على وصول غير محدود شمرا أكاديميا
تسجيل مستخدم جديدAre oxygen and neon enriched in PNe and is the current solar Ne/O abundance ratio underestimated?
128
0
0.0
(
0
)
اسأل ChatGPT حول البحث
ﻻ يوجد ملخص باللغة العربية
A thorough critical literature survey has been carried out for reliable measurements of oxygen and neon abundances of planetary nebulae (PNe) and HII regions. By contrasting the results of PNe and of HII regions, we aim to address the issues of the evolution of oxygen and neon in the interstellar medium (ISM) and in the late evolutionary phases of low- and intermediate-mass stars (LIMS), as well as the currently hotly disputed solar Ne/O abundance ratio. Through the comparisons, we find that neon abundance and Ne/O ratio increase with increasing oxygen abundance in both types of nebulae, with positive correlation coefficients larger than 0.75. The correlations suggest different enrichment mechanisms for oxygen and neon in the ISM, in the sense that the growth of neon is delayed compared to oxygen. The differences of abundances between PNe and HII regions, are mainly attributed to the results of nucleosynthesis and dredge-up processes that occurred in the progenitor stars of PNe. We find that both these alpha-elements are significantly enriched at low metallicity (initial oxygen abundance <= 8.0) but not at metallicity higher than the SMC. The fact that Ne/O ratios measured in PNe are almost the same as those in HII regions, regardless of the metallicity, suggests a very similar production mechanism of neon and oxygen in intermediate mass stars (IMS) of low initial metallicities and in more massive stars, a conjecture that requires verification by further theoretical studies. This result also strongly suggests that both the solar neon abundance and the Ne/O ratio should be revised upwards by ~0.22 dex from the Asplund, Grevesse & Sauval values or by ~0.14 dex from the Grevesse & Sauval values.
قيم البحث
اقرأ أيضاً
The standard solar model was so reliable that it could predict the existence of the massive neutrino. Helioseismology measurements were so precise that they could determine the depth of the convection zone. This agreement between theory and observati
on was the envy of all astrophysics -- until recently when sophisticated three-dimensional hydrodynamic calculations of the solar atmosphere reduced the metal content by a factor of almost two. Antia & Basu (2005) suggested that a higher value of the solar neon abundance, Ne/O = 0.52, would resolve this controversy. Drake & Testa (2005) presented strong evidence in favor of this idea from a sample of 21 Chandra stars with enhanced values of the neon abundance, Ne/O = 0.41. In this paper, we have analyzed solar active region spectra from the archive of the Flat Crystal Spectrometer on Solar Maximum Mission, a NASA mission from the 1980s, as well as full-Sun spectra from the pioneering days of X-ray astronomy in the 1960s. These data seem consistent with the standard neon-to-oxygen abundance value, Ne/O = 0.15 (Grevesse & Sauval 1998). If these results prove to be correct, than the enhanced-neon hypothesis will not resolve the current controversy.
We examine the constraints imposed by helioseismic data on the solar heavy element abundances. In prior work we argued that the measured depth of the surface convection zone R_CZ and the surface helium abundance Y_surf were good metallicity indicator
s which placed separable constraints on light metals (CNONe) and the heavier species with good relative meteoritic abundances. The resulting interiors-based abundance scale was higher than some published studies based on 3D model atmospheres at a highly significant level. In this paper we explore the usage of the solar sound speed in the radiative interior as an additional diagnostic, and find that it is sensitive to changes in the Ne/O ratio even for models constructed to have the same R_CZ and Y_surf. Three distinct helioseismic tests (opacity in the radiative core, ionization in the convection zone, and the core mean molecular weight) yield consistent results. Our preferred O, Ne and Fe abundances are 8.86 +/-0.04, 8.15 +/-0.17 and 7.50 +/-0.05 respectively. They are consistent with the midrange of recently published 3D atmospheric abundances measurements. The values for O, Ne and Fe which combine interiors and atmospheric inferences are 8.83 +/-0.04, 8.08 +/-0.09 and 7.49 +/-0.04 respectively.
Motivated by the controversy over the surface metallicity of the Sun, we present a re-analysis of the solar photospheric oxygen (O) abundance. New atomic models of O and Ni are used to perform Non-Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium (NLTE) calculations w
ith 1D hydrostatic (MARCS) and 3D hydrodynamical (Stagger and Bifrost) models. The Bifrost 3D MHD simulations are used to quantify the influence of the chromosphere. We compare the 3D NLTE line profiles with new high-resolution, R = 700 000, spatially-resolved spectra of the Sun obtained using the IAG FTS instrument. We find that the O I lines at 777 nm yield the abundance of log A(O) = 8.74 +/- 0.03 dex, which depends on the choice of the H-impact collisional data and oscillator strengths. The forbidden [O I] line at 630 nm is less model-dependent, as it forms nearly in LTE and is only weakly sensitive to convection. However, the oscillator strength for this transition is more uncertain than for the 777 nm lines. Modelled in 3D NLTE with the Ni I blend, the 630 nm line yields an abundance of log A(O) = 8.77 +/- 0.05 dex. We compare our results with previous estimates in the literature and draw a conclusion on the most likely value of the solar photospheric O abundance, which we estimate at log A(O) = 8.75 +/- 0.03 dex.
Context: Recent works with improved model atmospheres, line formation, atomic and molecular data, and detailed treatment of blends, have resulted in a significant downward revision of the solar oxygen abundance. Aims: Considering the importance of
the Sun as an astrophysical standard and the current conflict of standard solar models using the new solar abundances with helioseismological observations we have performed a new study of the solar oxygen abundance based on the forbidden [OI] line at 5577.34 A, not previously considered. Methods: High-resolution (R > 500 000), high signal-to-noise (S/N > 1000) solar spectra of the [O I] 5577.34 A line have been analyzed employing both three-dimensional (3D) and a variety of 1D (spatially and temporally averaged 3D, Holweger & Muller, MARCS and Kurucz models with and without convective overshooting) model atmospheres. Results: The oxygen abundance obtained from the [OI] 5577.3 A forbidden line is almost insensitive to the input model atmosphere and has a mean value of A(O) = 8.71 +/- 0.02 (sigma from using the different model atmospheres). The total error (0.07 dex) is dominated by uncertainties in the log gf value (0.03 dex), apparent line variation (0.04 dex) and uncertainties in the continuum and line positions (0.05 dex). Conclusions: The here derived oxygen abundance is close to the 3D-based estimates from the two other [OI] lines at 6300 and 6363 A, the permitted OI lines and vibrational and rotational OH transitions in the infrared. Our study thus supports a low solar oxygen abundance (A(O) ~ 8.7), independent of the adopted model atmosphere.
We present new spectroscopic observations of 13 H II regions in the Local Group spiral galaxy M33. The regions observed range from 1 to 7 kpc in distance from the nucleus. Of the 13 H II regions observed, the [O III] 4363 Angstrom line was detected i
n six regions. Electron temperatures were thus able to be determined directly from the spectra using the [O III] 4959,5007 A/4363 A line ratio. Based on these temperature measurements, oxygen and neon abundances and their radial gradients were calculated. For neon, a gradient of -0.016 +/- 0.017 dex/kpc was computed, which agrees with the Ne/H gradient derived previously from ISO spectra. A gradient of -0.012 +/- 0.011 dex/kpc was computed for O/H, much shallower than was derived in previous studies. The newly calculated O/H and Ne/H gradients are in much better agreement with each other, as expected from predictions of stellar nucleosynthesis. We examine the correlation between the WC/WN ratio and metallicity, and find that the new M33 abundances do not impact the observed correlation significantly. We also identify two new He II-emitting H II regions in M33, the first to be discovered in a spiral galaxy other than the Milky Way. In both cases the nebular He II emission is not associated with Wolf-Rayet stars. Therefore, caution is warranted in interpreting the relationship between nebular He II emission and Wolf-Rayet stars when both are observed in the integrated spectrum of an H II region.
سجل دخول لتتمكن من نشر تعليقات
التعليقات
جاري جلب التعليقات
سجل دخول لتتمكن من متابعة معايير البحث التي قمت باختيارها
