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In this article the concept of mass is analyzed based on the special and general relativity theories and particle (quantum) physics. The mass of a particle (m=E(0)/c^2) is determined by the minimum (rest) energy to create that particle which is invariant under Lorentz transformations. The mass of a bound particle in the any field is described by m<E80)/c^2 and for free particles in the non-relativistic case the relation m=E/c^2 is valid. This relation is not correct in general, and it is wrong to apply it to the radiation and fields. In atoms or nuclei (i.e. if the energies are quantized) the mass of the particles changes discretely. In non-relativistic cases, mass can be considered as a measure of gravitation and inertia.
Using the discrete-scale invariance theory, we show that the coupling constants of fundamental forces, the atomic masses and energies, and the elementary particle masses, obey to the fractal properties.
In this work we definitely prove a possibility that Milgroms modified Newtonian dynamics, MOND, can be consistently interpreted as a theory with the modified kinetic terms of the usual Newtonain dynamics, simply called k-MOND. Precisely, we suggest o
Mass spectrum of localized states (elementary particles) of single quantum system is studied in the framework of Heisenbergs scheme. Localized states are understood as cyclic representations of a group of fundamental symmetry (Lorentz group) within a
It is well known that simultaneity within an inertial frame is defined in relativity theory by a convention or definition. This definition leads to different simultaneities across inertial frames and the well known principle of relativity of simultan
Gauge invariance, a core principle in electrodynamics, has two separate meanings, only one of which is robust. The reliable concept treats the photon as the gauge field for electrodynamics. It is based on symmetries of the Lagrangian, and requires no