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In this paper, the authors compare the security bounds for different quantum communication protocols with the numerically evaluated losses in the transmission channel, due to the interaction between the atmosphere and the photon, which is the information carrier. The analysis is carried out using a free-source library, which can solve the radiative transfer equation for a parallel-plane atmosphere.
Free-space communication allows one to use spatial mode encoding, which is susceptible to the effects of diffraction and turbulence. Here, we discuss the optimum communication modes of a system while taking such effects into account. We construct a f
The propagation of free electromagnetic radiation in the field of a plane gravitational wave is investigated. A solution is found one order of approximation beyond the limit of geometrical optics in both transverse--traceless (TT) gauge and Fermi Nor
The extreme magnetoelectric medium (EME medium) is defined in terms of two medium dyadics, $alpha$, producing electric polarization by the magnetic field and $beta$, producing magnetic polarization by the electric field. Plane-wave propagation of tim
Galactic infrared (IR) bubbles, which have shell-like structures in the mid-IR wavelengths, are known to contain massive stars near their centers. IR bubbles in inner Galactic regions ($|$l$|leq$ 65$^{circ}$, $|$b$|leq$ 1$^{circ}$) have so far been s
We present optical ($UBVI_C$) observations of a rich and complex field in the Galactic plane towards $l sim 305^{circ}$ and $b sim 0^{circ}$. Our analysis reveals a significantly high interstellar absorbtion ($A_V sim 10$) and an abnormal extinction