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Optical-electric technology can measure the tangential position and velocity of spacecraft. To know the feasibility of the use of optical-electric technology, it is necessary to estimate the magnitude of spacecraft first. Since the spacecrafts are non-self-illumination objects, the estimation formulas of the optical magnitude of spacecraft is constructed according to the radiation theory and the extra-atmospheric radiant emittance of the Sun in the visible light wave band. Taking Change-1 as an example, the magnitude of it in different situations is calculated.
We tackle the problem of accurate optical tracking of distant man-made probes, on Halo orbit around the Earth-Sun libration point L2 and beyond, along interplanetary transfers. The improved performance of on-target tracking, especially when observing
We consider off-policy evaluation (OPE) in continuous action domains, such as dynamic pricing and personalized dose finding. In OPE, one aims to learn the value under a new policy using historical data generated by a different behavior policy. Most e
We present a V-I color-magnitude diagram for a region 1-2 from the center of M32 based on Hubble Space Telescope WFPC2 images. The broad color-luminosity distribution of red giants shows that the stellar population comprises stars with a wide range i
We investigate theoretically the efficiency of deep-space optical communication in the presence of background noise. With decreasing average signal power spectral density, a scaling gap opens up between optimized simple-decoded pulse position modulat
Although the optical colour-magnitude diagram of galaxies allows one to select red sequence objects, neither can it be used for galaxy classification without additional observational data such as spectra or high-resolution images, nor to identify blu