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Direct correlation between temporal structural fluctuations and electron wind force is demonstrated, for the first time, by STM imaging and analysis of atomically-resolved motion on a thin film surface under large applied current (10e5 Amp/sqare cm). The magnitude of the momentum transfer between current carriers and atoms in the fluctuating structure is at least five to fifteen times (plus or minus one sigma range) larger than for freely diffusing adatoms. The corresponding changes in surface resistivity will contribute significant fluctuation signature to nanoscale electronic properties.
Free energy of crystal phases is commonly evaluated by thermodynamic integration (TDI) along a reversible path that involves an external potential. A persistent problem in this method is that a significant hysteresis is observed due to differences in
LHC ALICE data are interpreted in terms of statistical power-law tailed pT spectra. As explanation we derive such statistical distributions for particular particle number fluctuation patterns in a finite heat bath exactly, and for general thermodynam
The authors report micro-Raman investigation of changes in the single and bilayer graphene crystal lattice induced by the low and medium energy electron-beam irradiation (5 and 20 keV). It was found that the radiation exposures results in appearance
Using first-principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT), we investigate the exchange interaction between a magnetic tip and a magnetic sample which is detected in magnetic exchange force microscopy (MExFM) and also occurs in spin
We describe here in detail the recently introduced methodology for simulation of structural transitions in crystals. The applications of the new scheme are illustrated on various kinds of crystals and the advantages with respect to previous schemes a