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We define a Wang tile set $mathcal{U}$ of cardinality 19 and show that the set $Omega_mathcal{U}$ of all valid Wang tilings $mathbb{Z}^2tomathcal{U}$ is self-similar, aperiodic and is a minimal subshift of $mathcal{U}^{mathbb{Z}^2}$. Thus $mathcal{U}$ is the second smallest self-similar aperiodic Wang tile set known after Ammanns set of 16 Wang tiles. The proof is based on the unique composition property. We prove the existence of an expansive, primitive and recognizable $2$-dimensional morphism $omega:Omega_mathcal{U}toOmega_mathcal{U}$ that is onto up to a shift. The proof of recognizability is done in two steps using at each step the same criteria (the existence of marker tiles) for proving the existence of a recognizable one-dimensional substitution that sends each tile either on a single tile or on a domino of two tiles.
We present a new aperiodic tileset containing 11 Wang tiles on 4 colors, and we show that this tileset is minimal, in the sense that no Wang set with either fewer than 11 tiles or fewer than 4 colors is aperiodic. This gives a definitive answer to the problem raised by Wang in 1961.
The goal of this chapter is to illustrate a generalization of the Fibonacci word to the case of 2-dimensional configurations on $mathbb{Z}^2$. More precisely, we consider a particular subshift of $mathcal{A}^{mathbb{Z}^2}$ on the alphabet $mathcal{A}
This investigation completely classifies the spatial chaos problem in plane edge coloring (Wang tiles) with two symbols. For a set of Wang tiles $mathcal{B}$, spatial chaos occurs when the spatial entropy $h(mathcal{B})$ is positive. $mathcal{B}$ is
Microstructural geometry plays a critical role in the response of heterogeneous materials. Consequently, methods for generating microstructural samples are increasingly crucial to advanced numerical analyses. We extend Sonon et al.s unified framework
In this paper we prove that if ${varphi_i(x)=lambda x+t_i}$ is an equicontractive iterated function system and $b$ is a positive integer satisfying $frac{log b}{log |lambda|} otinmathbb{Q},$ then almost every $x$ is normal in base $b$ for any non-atomic self-similar measure of ${varphi_i}$.