Based on the first principle calculation, a Lagrangian for the system describing quarks, gluons, and their interactions, is constructed. Ascribed to the existence of dissipative behavior as a consequence of strong interaction within quark-gluon plasm
a (QGP) matter, auxiliary terms describing viscosities are constituted into the Lagrangian. Through a kind of phase transition, gluon field is redefined as a scalar field with four-vector velocity inherently attached. Then, the Lagrangian is elaborated further to produce the energy-momentum tensor of dissipative fluid-like system and the equation of motion (EOM). By imposing the law of energy and momentum conservation, the values of shear and bulk viscosities are analytically calculated. Our result shows that, at the energy level close to hadronization, the bulk viscosity is bigger than shear viscosity. By making use of the conjectured values $eta / s sim 1 / 4pi$ and $zeta / s sim 1$, the ratio of bulk to shear viscosity is found to be $zeta / eta > 4 pi$.
A Lagrangian density for viscous quark-gluon plasma has been constructed within the fluid-like QCD framework. Gauge symmetry is preserved for all terms inside the Lagrangian, except for the viscous term. The transition mechanism from point particle f
ield to fluid field, and vice versa, is discussed. The energy momentum tensor that is relevant for the gluonic plasma having the nature of fluid bulk of gluon sea is derived within the model. By imposing conservation law in the energy momentum tensor, shear viscosity appears as extractable from the equation.
In this paper, we developed the system for recognizing the orchid species by using the images of flower. We used MSRM (Maximal Similarity based on Region Merging) method for segmenting the flower object from the background and extracting the shape fe
ature such as the distance from the edge to the centroid point of the flower, aspect ratio, roundness, moment invariant, fractal dimension and also extract color feature. We used HSV color feature with ignoring the V value. To retrieve the image, we used Support Vector Machine (SVM) method. Orchid is a unique flower. It has a part of flower called lip (labellum) that distinguishes it from other flowers even from other types of orchids. Thus, in this paper, we proposed to do feature extraction not only on flower region but also on lip (labellum) region. The result shows that our proposed method can increase the accuracy value of content based flower image retrieval for orchid species up to $pm$ 14%. The most dominant feature is Centroid Contour Distance, Moment Invariant and HSV Color. The system accuracy is 85,33% in validation phase and 79,33% in testing phase.
A novel approach to analyze statistically the network traffic raw data is proposed. The huge amount of raw data of actual network traffic from the Intrusion Detection System is analyzed to determine if a traffic is a normal or harmful one. Using the
active ports in each host in a network as sensors, the system continuously monitors the incoming packets, and generates its average behaviors at different time scales including its variances. The average region of behaviors at certain time scale is then being used as the baseline of normal traffic. Deploying the exhaustive search based decission system, the system detects the incoming threats to the whole network under supervision.
The dynamics of Quark-gluon plasma (QGP) as a lump of deconfined free quarks and gluons is elaborated. Based on the first principal we construct the Lagrangian that represents the dynamics of QGP. To induce a hydrodynamics approach, we substitute the
gluon fields with flow fields. As a result, the derived equation of Motion (E.O.M) for gluon dominated QGP shows the form that similar to Euler equation, and the energy momentum tensor also represents explicitly the system of ideal fluid. Combining the E.O.M and energy momentum tensor, the pressure and energy density distribution as the equation of states are analytically derived.
A new model for a cluster of hybrid sensors network with multi sub-clusters is proposed. The model is in particular relevant to the early warning system in a large scale monitoring system in, for example, a nuclear power plant. It mainly addresses to
a safety critical system which requires real-time processes with high accuracy. The mathematical model is based on the extended conventional search algorithm with certain interactions among the nearest neighborhood of sensors. It is argued that the model could realize a highly accurate decision support system with less number of parameters. A case of one dimensional interaction function is discussed, and a simple algorithm for the model is also given.
The statistical relationship between structural capital and innovation in Indonesian manufacturing industries is presented. The correlation is constructed using recent survey data on the contribution of structural capital to the innovation processes
in the industries. The correlation is represented quantitatively using the recently developed Intellectual Capital and Innovation (ICI) index involving all components of intellectual capital and its role to enable innovation in a manufacturing industry. However, the paper is focused only on the contribution of structural capital component. Using the available data it is shown that the correlation is highly depending on the scale and characteristics of each manufacture. It is also argued that the ICI index is able to quantitatively prove the dominant components in innovation processes for each class of manufacturing industries.
The symmetry breaking of five-dimensional SU(6) GUT is realized by Scherk-Schwarz mechanisms through trivial and pseudo nontrivial orbifold S1/Z2 breakings to produce dimensional deconstruction 5D SU(6) rightarrow4D SU(6). The latter also induces nea
r-brane weakly-coupled SU(6) Baby Higgs to further break the symmetry into SU(3)C otimes SU(3)H otimes U(1)C. The model successfully provides a scenario of the origin of (Little) Higgs from GUT scale, produces the (intermediate and light) Higgs boson with the most preferred range and establishes coupling unification and compactification scale correctly.
Numerical simulation for comminution processes inside the vial of ball mills are performed using Monte Carlo method. The internal dynamics is represented by recently developed model based on hamiltonian involving the impact and surrounding electromag
netic potentials. The paper is focused on investigating the behaviors of normalized macroscopic pressure, $P/{P_0}$, in term of system temperature and the milled powder mass. The results provide theoretical justification that high efficiency is expected at low system temperature region. It is argued that keeping the system temperature as low as possible is crucial to prevent agglomeration which is a severe obstacle for further comminution processes.
A model to describe the mechanism of conformational dynamics in secondary protein based on matter interactions is proposed. The approach deploys the lagrangian method by imposing certain symmetry breaking. The protein backbone is initially assumed to
be nonlinear and represented by the Sine-Gordon equation, while the nonlinear external bosonic sources is represented by $phi^4$ interaction. It is argued that the nonlinear source induces the folding pathway in a different way than the previous work with initially linear backbone. Also, the nonlinearity of protein backbone decreases the folding speed.
