We analyze the critical phenomena in the theory of strong interactions at high temperatures starting from first principles. The model is based on the dual Yang-Mills theory with scalar degrees of freedom - the dilatons. The latter are produced due to
the spontaneous breaking of an approximate scale symmetry. The phase transitions are considered in systems where the field conjugate to the order parameter has the (critical) chiral end mode. The hiral end point (ChEP) is a distinct singular feature existence of which is dictated by the chiral dynamics. The physical approach the effective ChEP is studied via the influence fluctuations of two-body Bose-Einstein correlation function for observed particles to which the chiral end mode couples.
We study the Bose symmetry violation through the decays of heavy vector bosons at high energies. In particular, the decay of a Z-boson into two photons where one of the photons is the vector unparticle in the scale invariant sector is considered as a
sample. We find out that the Bose symmetry might be violated in the nearly conformal sector at high energy frontier. This may be useful in phenomenological application to the CERN LHC experiments for new physics searches.
We look at the new two-particle Bose-Einstein correlation (BEC) function accompanied by the color-electric flux model which can explain the ridge behavior in enhanced angular correlation between two identical pions at very broad rapidity with high mu
ltiplicity. We argue that such an investigation could probe both the size and the temperature of the source of two pions emitted into a narrow range of azimuthal angles. We can confirm the ev- idence for quark-gluon phase due to interaction of outgoing pions (having high transverse momenta) with the medium in thermal bath in proton-proton collisions.
Correlations of luminescence intensity have been studied under Bose-Einstein condensation of dipolar excitons in the temperature range of 0.45-4.2 K. Photoexcited dipolar excitons were collected in a lateral trap in GaAs/AlGaAs Schottky-diode heteros
tructure with single wide (25 nm) quantum well under applied electric bias. Two-photon correlations were measured with the use of a classical Hanbury Brown - Twiss intensity interferometer (time resolution ~0.4 ns). Photon bunching has been observed near the Bose condensation threshold of dipolar excitons determined by the appearance of a narrow luminescence line of exciton condensate at optical pumping increase. The two-photon correlation function shows super-poissonian distribution at time scales of system coherence (<~1 ns). No photon bunching was observed at the excitation pumping appreciably below the condensation threshold. At excitation pumping increasing well above the threshold, when the narrow line of exciton condensate grows in the luminescence spectrum, the photon bunching is decreasing and finally vanishes - the two-photon correlator becomes poissonian reflecting the single-quantum-state origin of excitonic Bose condensate. Under the same conditions a first-order spatial correlator, measured by means of the luminescence interference from spatially separated condensate parts, remains significant. The discovered photon bunching is rather sensitive to temperature: it drops several times with temperature increase from 0.45 K up to 4.2 K. If assumed that the luminescence of dipolar excitons collected in the lateral trap reflects directly coherent properties of interacting exciton gas, the observed phenomenon of photon bunching nearby condensation threshold manifests phase transition in interacting exciton Bose gas.
A natural interpretation of the correlation between nearby Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) and the highest-energy cosmic rays observed recently by the Pierre Auger Collaboration is that the sources of the cosmic rays are either AGN or other objects with
a similar spatial distribution (the ``AGN hypothesis). We question this interpretation. We calculate the expected distribution of the arrival directions of cosmic rays under the AGN hypothesis and argue that it is not supported by the data, one of manifestations of the discrepancy being the deficit of events from the direction of the Virgo supercluster. We briefly discuss possible alternative explanations including the origin of a significant part of the observed events from Cen A.
We analyse a sample of 33 extensive air showers (EAS) with estimated primary energies above 2cdot 10^{19} eV and high-quality muon data recorded by the Yakutsk EAS array. We compare, event-by-event, the observed muon density to that expected from COR
SIKA simulations for primary protons and iron, using SIBYLL and EPOS hadronic interaction models. The study suggests the presence of two distinct hadronic components, ``light and ``heavy. Simulations with EPOS are in a good agreement with the expected composition in which the light component corresponds to protons and the heavy component to iron-like nuclei. With SYBILL, simulated muon densities for iron primaries are a factor of sim 1.5 less than those observed for the heavy component, for the same electromagnetic signal. Assuming two-component proton-iron composition and the EPOS model, the fraction of protons with energies E>10^{19} eV is 0.52^{+0.19}_{-0.20} at 95% confidence level.
