To reconcile the observed unusual high luminosity of NuSTAR X-ray pulsations from M82X-2 with the most extreme violation of the Eddington limit, and in view that the persistent X-ray radiation from M82X-2 almost precludes the possibility of common pu
lsars, we tackle the problem by the implications of {em microscopic theory of black hole} (MTBH). The preceding developments of MTBH are proved to be quite fruitful for the physics of ultra-high energy (UHE) cosmic-rays. Namely, replacing a central singularity by the infrastructures inside event horizon, subject to certain rules, MTBH explains the origin of ZeV-neutrinos which are of vital interest for the source of UHE-particles. The M82X-2 is assumed to be a spinning intermediate mass black hole resided in final stage of growth. As a corollary, the thermal blackbody X-ray emission arisen due to the rotational kinetic energy of black hole escapes from event horizon through the vista to outside world that detected as ultraluminous X-ray pulsations. The M82X-2 indeed releases $sim 99.6%$ of its pulsed radiative energy predominantly in the X-ray bandpass $0.3-30$ keV. We derive a pulse profile and give a quantitative account of energetics and orbital parameters of the semi-detached X-ray binary containing a primary accretor M82X-2 of inferred mass $Msimeq 138.5-226,M_{odot}$ and secondary massive, $M_{2}> 48.3- 64.9,M_{odot}$, O/B-type donor star with radius of $R> 22.1- 25.7,R_{odot}$, respectively. We compute the torque added to M82X-2 per unit mass of accreted matter which yields the measured spin-up rate.
We derive the classical analog of the extended phase space quantum mechanics of the particle with odd degrees of freedom which gives rise to (N=2)-realization of supersymmetry (SUSY) algebra. By means of an iterative procedure, we find the approximat
e groundstate solutions to the extended Schr{o}dinger-like equation and use these solutions further to calculate the parameters which measure the breaking of extended SUSY such as the groundstate energy. Consequently, we calculate a more practical measure for the SUSY breaking which is the expectation value of an auxiliary field. We analyze non-perturbative mechanism for extended phase space SUSY breaking in the instanton picture and show that this has resulted from tunneling between the classical vacua of the theory. Particular attention is given to the algebraic properties of shape invariance and spectrum generating algebra.
We derive a standard Lorentz code (SLC) of motion by exploring rigid double transformations of, so-called, master space-induced supersymmetry (MS-SUSY), subject to certain rules. The renormalizable and actually finite flat-space field theories with $
N_{max}=4$ supersymmetries in four dimensions, if only such symmetries are fundamental to nature, yield the possible extension of Lorentz code (ELC), at which the SLC violating new physics appears. In the framework of local MS-SUSY, we address the inertial effects. We argue that a space-time deformation of MS is the origin of inertia effects that can be observed by us. We go beyond the hypothesis of locality. This allows to improve the relevant geometrical structures referred to the noninertial frame in Minkowski space for an arbitrary velocities and characteristic acceleration lengths. This framework furnishes justification for the introduction of the weak principle of equivalence, i.e., the universality of free fall. The implications of the inertia effects in the more general post-Riemannian geometry are briefly discussed.
While the OPERA experimental scrutiny is ongoing in the community, in the present article we construct a toy model of {it extended Lorentz code} (ELC) of the uniform motion, which will be a well established consistent and unique theoretical framework
to explain the apparent violations of the standard Lorentz code (SLC), the possible manifestations of which arise in a similar way in all particle sectors. We argue that in the ELC-framework the propagation of the superluminal particle, which implies the modified dispersion relation, could be consistent with causality. Furthermore, in this framework, we give a justification of forbiddance of Vavilov-Cherenkov (VC)-radiation/or analog processes in vacuum. To be consistent with the SN1987A and OPERA data, we identify the neutrinos from SN1987A and the light as so-called {it 1-th type} particles carrying the {it individual Lorentz motion code} with the velocity of light $c_{1}equiv c$ in vacuum as maximum attainable velocity for all the 1-th type particles. Thereby, we treat superluminal muon neutrinos as so-called {it 2-nd type} particles carrying the individual Lorentz motion code with the velocity $c_{2}$ as maximum attainable velocity for all the 2-nd type particles. For the muon neutrinos mean energy $E_{ u 2}=17.5$ GeV, claimed velocity $(v_{ u 2}-c)/c= 2.48times 10^{-5}$, and expected finite rest mass $m_{0}approx 1eV/c^{2}$, we obtain then $ c_{2}/capprox 17.5times 10^{9}$.
To investigate the origin and nature of inertia, we introduce a new concept of hypothetical 2D, so-called, master-space (MS), subject to certain rules. The MS, embedded in the background 4D-spacetime, is an indispensable individual companion to the p
article of interest, without relation to every other particle. We argue that a deformation/(distortion of local internal properties) of MS is the origin of inertia. With this perspective in sight, we construct the alternative relativistic theory of inertia (RTI), which allows to compute the relativistic inertial force acting on an arbitrary point-like observer due to its absolute acceleration. We go beyond the hypothesis of locality with an emphasis on distortion of MS, which allows to improve essentially the standard metric and other relevant geometrical structures related to the noninertial reference frame of an arbitrary accelerated observer. We compute the inertial force exerted on the photon in a gravitating system in the semi-Riemann space. Despite the totally different and independent physical sources of gravitation and inertia, this approach furnishes justification for the introduction of the principle of equivalence. Consequently, we relate the inertia effects to the more general post-Riemannian geometry. We derive a general expression of the relativistic inertial force exerted on the extended spinning body moving in the Rieman-Cartan space.
We extend the geometrical ideas of the spacetime deformations to study the physical foundation of the post-Riemannian geometry. To this aim, we construct the theory of two-step spacetime deformation as a guiding principle. We address the theory of te
leparallel gravity and construct a consistent Einstein-Cartan (EC) theory with the dynamical torsion. We show that the equations of the standard EC theory, in which the equation defining torsion is the algebraic type and, in fact, no propagation of torsion is allowed, can be equivalently replaced by the set of modified EC equations in which the torsion, in general, is dynamical. The special physical constraint imposed upon the spacetime deformations yields the short-range propagating spin-spin interaction.
We address the gravitation and inertia in the framework of general gauge principle, which accounts for gravitation gauge group generated by hidden local internal symmetry implemented on the flat space. We connect this group to nonlinear realization o
f the Lie group of distortion of local internal properties of six-dimensional flat space, which is assumed as a toy model underlying four-dimensional Minkowski space. The agreement between proposed gravitational theory and available observational verifications is satisfactory. We construct relativistic field theory of inertia and derive the relativistic law of inertia. This theory furnishes justification for introduction of the Principle of Equivalence. We address the rearrangement of vacuum state in gravity resulting from these ideas.
