The collision smearing of the nucleon momenta about their initial values during relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions is investigated. To a certain degree, our model belongs to the transport type, and we investigate the evolution of the nucleon sys
tem created at a nucleus-nucleus collision. However, we parameterize this development by the number of collisions of every particle during evolution rather than by the time variable. It is assumed that the group of nucleons which leave the system after the same number of collisions can be joined in a particular statistical ensemble. The nucleon nonequilibrium distribution functions, which depend on a certain number of collisions of a nucleon before freeze-out, are derived.
A zone of reactions is determined and then exploited as a tool in studying the space-time structure of an interacting system formed in a collision of relativistic nuclei. The time dependence of the reaction rates integrated over spatial coordinates i
s also considered. Evaluations are made with the help of the microscopic transport model UrQMD. The relation of the boundaries of different zones of reactions and the hypersurfaces of sharp chemical and kinetic freeze-outs is discussed.
We apply the ``zone of reactions as a tool in studying the interacting system formed in a collision of relativistic nuclei. With the use of the intensity of collisions of particles (the number of collisions in unit volume per unit time), we study the
space-time structure of a fireball. In this approach, three basic regions for the evolution of a system are separated by the scale of the intensity of collisions: the zone of a hot fireball, the zone of a cold fireball, and the zone of residual interaction. It is shown that the conception of a zone of reactions can be used for the determination of the hypersurfaces of a chemical freeze-out and a sharp kinetic freeze-out.
We consider a possible mechanism of thermalization of nucleons in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Our model belongs, to a certain degree, to the transport ones; we investigate the evolution of the system created in nucleus-nucleus collision, but w
e parametrize this development by the number of collisions of every particle during evolution rather than by the time variable. We based on the assumption that the nucleon momentum transfer after several nucleon-nucleon (-hadron) elastic and inelastic collisions becomes a random quantity driven by a proper distribution. This randomization results in a smearing of the nucleon momenta about their initial values and, as a consequence, in their partial isotropization and thermalization. The trial evaluation is made in the framework of a toy model. We show that the proposed scheme can be used for extraction of the physical information from experimental data on nucleon rapidity distribution.
We propose a mechanism of thermalization of nucleons in relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions. Our model belongs, to a certain degree, to the transport ones; we consider the evolution of the system, but we parametrize this development by the number
of collisions of every particle in the system rather than by the time variable. We based on the assumption that the nucleon momentum transfer after several nucleon-nucleon (-hadron) collisions becomes a random quantity driven by a proper distribution.
We propose a model for isotropization and corresponding thermalization in a nucleon system created in the collision of two nuclei. The model is based on the assumption: during the fireball evolution, two-particle elastic and inelastic collisions give
rise to the randomization of the nucleon-momentum transfer which is driven by a proper distribution. As a first approximation, we assume a homogeneous distribution where the values of the momentum transfer is bounded from above. These features have been shown to result in a smearing of the particle momenta about their initial values and, as a consequence, in their partial isotropization and thermalization. The nonequilibrium single-particle distribution function and single-particle spectrum which carry a memory about initial state of nuclei have been obtained.
The partition function of nonequilibrium distribution which we recently obtained [arXiv:0802.0259] in the framework of the maximum isotropization model (MIM) is exploited to extract physical information from experimental data on the proton rapidity a
nd transverse mass distributions. We propose to partition all interacting nucleons into ensembles in accordance with the number of collisions. We analyze experimental rapidity distribution and get the number of particles in every collision ensemble. We argue that even a large number of effective nucleon collisions cannot lead to thermalization of nucleon system; the thermal source which describes the proton distribution in central rapidity region arises as a result of fast thermalization of the parton degrees of freedom. The obtained number of nucleons which corresponds to the thermal contribution is treated as a ``nucleon power of the created quark-gluon plasma in a particular experiment.
We consider two-particle correlations, which appear in relativistic nuclear collisions due to the quantum statistics of identical particles, in the frame of two formalisms: wave-function and current. The first one is based on solution of the Cauchy p
roblem, whereas the second one is a so-called current parametrization of the source of secondary particles. We argue that these two parameterizations of the source coincide when the wave function at freeze-out times is put in a specific correspondence with a current. Then, the single-particle Wigner density evaluated in both approaches gives the same result.
