Field Fractal Cosmological Model As an Example of Practical Cosmology Approach

The idea of the global gravitational effect as the source of cosmological redshift was considered by de Sitter (1916, 1917), Eddington (1923), Tolman (1929) and Bondi (1947). Also Hubble (1929) called the discovered distance-redshift relation as De Sitter effect. For homogeneous matter distribution cosmological gravitational redshift is proportional to square of distance: z_grav ~ r^2. However for a fractal matter distribution having the fractal dimension D=2 the global gravitational redshift is the linear function of distance: z_grav ~ r, which gives possibility for interpretation of the Hubble law without the space expansion. Here the field gravity fractal cosmological model (FGF) is presented, which based on two initial principles. The first assumption is that the Feynmans field gravity approach describes the gravitational interaction, which delivers a natural basis for the conceptual unity of all fundamental physical interactions within the framework of the relativistic and quantum fields in Minkowski space. The second hypothesis is that the spatial distribution of gravitating matter is a fractal at all scales up to the Hubble radius. The fractal dimension of matter distribution is assumed to be D = 2, which implies that the global gravitational redshift is the explanation of the observed linear Hubble law. In the frame of the FGF all three phenomena - the cosmic background radiation, the fractal large scale structure, and the Hubble law, - could be the consequence of a unique large scale structure evolution process of the initially homogeneous ordinary matter without nonbaryonic matter and dark energy.

Study of Faint Galaxies in the Field of GRB 021004

We present an analysis of BVRcIc observations of the field sized around 4 x 4 centered at the host galaxy of the gamma-ray burst GRB 021004 with the 6-m BTA telescope of the Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences. We measured the magnitudes and constructed the color diagrams for 311 galaxies detected in the field (S/N > 3). The differential and integral counts of galaxies up to the limit, corresponding to 28.5 (B), 28.0 (V), 27.0 (Rc), 26.5 (Ic) were computed. We compiled the galaxy catalog, consisting of 183 objects, for which the photometric redshifts up to the limiting magnitudes 26.0 (B), 25.5 (V), 25.0 (Rc), 24.5 (Ic) were determined using the HyperZ code. We then examined the radial distribution of galaxies based on the z estimates. We have built the curves expected in the case of a uniform distribution of galaxies in space, and obtained the estimates for the size and contrast of the possible super-large-scale structures, which are accessible with the observations of this type.

Constraining the nature of galaxy haloes with gravitational mesolensing of QSOs by halo substructure objects

Gravitational lensing of background compact objects like active galactic nuclei and quasars, by extended intermediate mass lenses such as globular clusters and and dark matter clumps with masses 10^5 - 10^8 M_sun, is considered. It is shown that observational study of the galaxy-quasars associations is a powerful direct observational test of the nature of massive galaxy haloes. Optical interferometric observations with VLTI and Keck instruments are able to constrain masses and number of substructure halo objects. Evidence of gravitational lensing by globular clusters in haloes of spiral and elliptical galaxies is presented.