In this letter, the wavelet transform is used to decompose the classical linearly polarized plane light wave into a series of discrete Morlet wavelets. It is found that the energy of the light wave can be discrete, associated with its discrete wavele
t structure.It is also found that the changeable energy of a basic plane light wave packet or wave train of wave vector $mathord{buildrel{lower3pthbox{$scriptscriptstylerightharpoonup$}}over k} $ and with discrete wavelet structure can be with the form of ${H_{0k}} = n{p_{0k}}omega$ $(n = 1,2,3,...)$, where $n$ is the parameter of discrete wavelet structure, $omega $ is the idler frequency of the light wave packet or wave train, and ${p_{0k}}$ is a constant to be determined.This is consistent with the energy division of $P$ portions in Planck radiation theory, where $P$ is an integer. Finally, the random light wave packets with $n=1$ are used to simulate the Mach-Zehnder interference of single photons, showing the wave-particle duality of light.
In this paper the macroscopic condition for dissipationless current in conductors is investigated and a set of improved electromagnetic equations are proposed. With these equations we show that the dissipation is particularly relative to free volume
charges in conductors that originate from self-Hall-effect. The steadily normal current coexists with free volume charges and the steadily superconducting current doesnt. Zero Hall coefficient is a candidate condition for nonexistence of free volume charges in conductors and a possible mechanism is exciton conduction or electron-hole pairing.
Single photons emerging from q-plates (or Pancharatnam-Berry phase optical element) exhibit entanglement in the degrees of freedom of spin and orbital angular momentum. We put forward an experimental scheme for probing the spin-orbit correlations of
single photons. It is found that the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) parameter S for the single-photon spin-orbit entangled state could be up to 2.828, evidently violating the Bell-like inequality and thus invalidating the noncontextual hidden variable (NCHV) theories.
There are two different proposals for the momentum of light in a transparent dielectric of refractive index n: Minkowskis version nE/c and Abrahms version E/(nc), where E and c are the energy and vacuum speed of light, respectively. Despite many test
s and debates over nearly a century, momentum of light in a transparent dielectric remains controversial. In this Letter, we report a direct observation of the inward push force on the end face of a free nm fiber taper exerted by the outgoing light. Our results clearly support Abraham momentum. Our experiment also indicates an inward surface pressure on a dielectric exerted by the incident light, different from the commonly recognized pressure due to the specular reflection. Such an inward surface pressure by the incident light may be useful for precise design of the laser-induced inertially-confined fusion.
