It is known that the so-called problem of solar power pacemaker related to possible existence of some hidden but key mechanism of energy influence of the Sun on fundamental geophysical processes is one of the principal and puzzling problems of modern
climatology. The tracks of this mechanism have been shown up in different problems of solar-terrestrial physics for a long time and, in particular, in climatology, where the solar-climate variability is stably observed. However, the mechanisms by which small changes in the Suns energy (solar irradiance or insolation) output during the solar cycle can cause change in the weather and climate are still unknown. We analyze possible causes of the solar-climate variability concentrating ones attention on the physical substantiation of strong correlation between the temporal variations of magnetic flux of the solar tachocline zone and the Earth magnetic field (Y-component). We propose an effective mechanism of solar dynamo-geodynamo connection which plays the role of the solar power pacemaker of the Earth global climate.
Based on theoretical and experimental consideration of the first (the Twomey effect) and second indirect aerosol effects the quasianalytic description of physical connection between the galactic cosmic rays intensity and the Earths cloud cover is obt
ained. It is shown that the basic equation of the Earths climate energy-balance model is described by the bifurcation equation (with respect to the temperature of the Earths surface) in the form of assembly-type catastrophe with the two governing parameters defining the variations of insolation and Earths magnetic field (or the galactic cosmic rays intensity in the atmosphere), respectively. The principle of hierarchical climatic models construction, which consists in the structural invariance of balance equations of these models evolving on different time scales, is described.
The solution of energy-balance model of the Earth global climate and the EPICA Dome C and Vostok experimental data of the Earth surface palaeotemperature evolution over past 420 and 740 kyr are compared. In the framework of proposed bifurcation model
(i) the possible sharp warmings of the Dansgaard-Oeschger type during the last glacial period due to stochastic resonance is theoretically argued; (ii) the concept of climatic sensitivity of water in the atmosphere, whose temperature instability has the form of so-called hysteresis loop, is proposed, and based of this concept the time series of global ice volume over the past 1000 kyr, which is in good agreement with the time series of delta O-18 concentration in the sea sediments, is obtained; (iii) the so-called CO2 doubling problem is discussed
