We put forward a model of action-based randomization mechanisms to analyse quantitative information flow (QIF) under generic leakage functions, and under possibly adaptive adversaries. This model subsumes many of the QIF models proposed so far. Our m
ain contributions include the following: (1) we identify mild general conditions on the leakage function under which it is possible to derive general and significant results on adaptive QIF; (2) we contrast the efficiency of adaptive and non-adaptive strategies, showing that the latter are as efficient as the former in terms of length up to an expansion factor bounded by the number of available actions; (3) we show that the maximum information leakage over strategies, given a finite time horizon, can be expressed in terms of a Bellman equation. This can be used to compute an optimal finite strategy recursively, by resorting to standard methods like backward induction.
We discuss the concept of local thermodynamical equilibrium in relativistic hydrodynamics in flat spacetime in a quantum statistical framework without an underlying kinetic description, suitable for strongly interacting fluids. We show that the appro
priate definition of local equilibrium naturally leads to the introduction of a relativistic hydrodynamical frame in which the four-velocity vector is the one of a relativistic thermometer at equilibrium with the fluid, parallel to the inverse temperature four-vector beta, which then becomes a primary quantity. We show that this frame is the most appropriate for the expansion of stress-energy tensor from local thermodynamical equilibrium and that therein the local laws of thermodynamics take on their simplest form. We discuss the difference between the beta frame and Landau frame and present an instance where they differ.
This paper summarizes the state of knowledge and ongoing research on methods and techniques for resilience evaluation, taking into account the resilience-scaling challenges and properties related to the ubiquitous computerized systems. We mainly focu
s on quantitative evaluation approaches and, in particular, on model-based evaluation techniques that are commonly used to evaluate and compare, from the dependability point of view, different architecture alternatives at the design stage. We outline some of the main modeling techniques aiming at mastering the largeness of analytical dependability models at the construction level. Actually, addressing the model largeness problem is important with respect to the investigation of the scalability of current techniques to meet the complexity challenges of ubiquitous systems. Finally we present two case studies in which some of the presented techniques are applied for modeling web services and General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) mobile telephone networks, as prominent examples of large and evolving systems.
It is shown that different pairs of stress-energy and spin tensors of quantum relativistic fields related by a pseudo-gauge transformation, i.e. differing by a divergence, imply different mean values of physical quantities in thermodynamical nonequil
ibrium situations. Most notably, transport coefficients and the total entropy production rate are affected by the choice of the spin tensor of the relativistic quantum field theory under consideration. Therefore, at least in principle, it should be possible to disprove a fundamental stress-energy tensor and/or to show that a fundamental spin tensor exists by means of a dissipative thermodynamical experiment.
After recapitulating the covariant formalism of equilibrium statistical mechanics in special relativity and extending it to the case of a non-vanishing spin tensor, we show that the relativistic stress-energy tensor at thermodynamical equilibrium can
be obtained from a functional derivative of the partition function with respect to the inverse temperature four-vector beta. For usual thermodynamical equilibrium, the stress-energy tensor turns out to be the derivative of the relativistic thermodynamic potential current with respect to the four-vector beta, i.e. T^{mu u} = - partial Phi^mu/partial beta_ u. This formula establishes a relation between stress-energy tensor and entropy current at equilibrium possibly extendable to non-equilibrium hydrodynamics.
In this paper we study the enumeration and the construction, according to the number of ones, of particular binary words avoiding a fixed pattern. The growth of such words can be described by particular jumping and marked succession rules. This appro
ach enables us to obtain an algorithm which constructs all binary words having a fixed number of ones and then kills those containing the forbidden pattern.
We recompute the invisible Higgs decay width arising from Higgs-graviscalar mixing in the ADD model, comparing the original derivation in the non-diagonal mass basis to that in a diagonal mass basis. The results obtained are identical (and differ by
a factor of 2 from the original calculation) but the diagonal-basis derivation is pedagogically useful for clarifying the physics of the invisible width from mixing. We emphasize that both derivations make it clear that a direct scan in energy for a process such as $WWto WW$ mediated by Higgs plus graviscalar intermediate resonances would follow a {it single} Breit-Wigner form with total width given by $Gamma^{tot}=Gamma_h^{SM}+Gamma_{invisible}$. We also compute the additional contributions to the invisible width due to direct Higgs to graviscalar pair decays. We find that the invisible width due to the latter is relatively small unless the Higgs mass is comparable to or larger than the effective extra-dimensional Planck mass.
A comprehensive and detailed analysis of hadronic abundances measured in Au-Au collisions at RHIC at sqrt(s)_NN = 130 and 200 GeV is presented. The rapidity densities measured in the central rapidity region have been fitted to the statistical hadroni
zation model and the chemical freeze-out parameters determined as a function of centrality, using data from experiments BRAHMS, PHENIX and STAR. The chemical freeze-out temperature turns out to be independent of centrality to a few percent accuracy, whereas the strangeness under-saturation parameter gamma_S decreases from almost unity in central collisions to a significantly lower value in peripheral collisions. Our results are in essential agreement with previous analyses, with the exception that fit quality at sqrt(s)_NN = 200 GeV is not as good as previously found. From the comparison of the two different energies, we conclude that the difference in fit quality, as described by chi2 values, is owing to the improved resolution of measurements which has probably exceeded the intrinsic accuracy of the simplified theoretical formula used in the fits.
We construct the action of a relativistic spinning particle from a non-linear realization of a space-time odd vector extension of the Poincare group. For particular values of the parameters appearing in the lagrangian the model has a gauge world-line
supersymmetry.{As a consequence of this local symmetry there are BPS solutions in the model preserving 1/5 of the supersymmetries.} A supersymmetric invariant quantization produces two decoupled 4d Dirac equations.
We derive the microcanonical partition function of the ideal relativistic quantum gas with fixed intrinsic angular momentum as an expansion over fixed multiplicities. We developed a group theoretical approach by generalizing known projection techniqu
es to the Poincare group. Our calculation is carried out in a quantum field framework and applies to particles with any spin. It extends known results in literature in that it does not introduce any large volume approximation and it takes particle spin fully into account. We provide expressions of the microcanonical partition function at fixed multiplicities in the limiting classical case of large volumes and large angular momenta and in the grand-canonical ensemble. We also derive the microcanonical partition function of the ideal relativistic quantum gas with fixed parity.
