We show that a determinantal ideal generated by $t$-minors does not contain any nonzero polynomials with $t!/2$ or fewer terms. Geometrically this means that any nonzero polynomial vanishing on all matrices of rank at most $t-1$ has more than $t!/2$ terms.
Gaussian double Markovian models consist of covariance matrices constrained by a pair of graphs specifying zeros simultaneously in the covariance matrix and its inverse. We study the semi-algebraic geometry of these models, in particular their dimens
ion, smoothness and connectedness. Results on their vanishing ideals and conditional independence ideals are also included, and we put them into the general framework of conditional independence models. We end with several open questions and conjectures.
The BKK theorem states that the mixed volume of the Newton polytopes of a system of polynomial equations upper bounds the number of isolated torus solutions of the system. Homotopy continuation solvers make use of this fact to pick efficient start sy
stems. For systems where the mixed volume bound is not attained, such methods are still tracking more paths than necessary. We propose a strategy of improvement by lifting a system to an equivalent system with a strictly lower mixed volume at the expense of more variables. We illustrate this idea providing lifting constructions for arbitrary bivariate systems and certain dense-enough systems.
We relate finite generation of cones, monoids, and ideals in increasing chains (the local situation) to equivariant finite generation of the corresponding limit objects (the global situation). For cones and monoids there is no analogue of Noetheriani
ty as in the case of ideals and we demonstrate this in examples. As a remedy we find local-global correspondences for finite generation. These results are derived from a more general framework that relates finite generation under closure operations to equivariant finite generation under general families of maps. We also give a new proof that non-saturated Inc-invariant chains stabilize, closing a gap in the literature.
We give an explicit formula for the Hilbert-Poincar{e} series of the parity binomial edge ideal of a complete graph $K_{n}$ or equivalently for the ideal generated by all $2times 2$-permanents of a $2times n$-matrix. It follows that the depth and Cas
telnuovo-Mumford regularity of these ideals are independent of $n$.
We determine the Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity of binomial edge ideals of complement reducible graphs (cographs). For cographs with $n$ vertices the maximum regularity grows as $2n/3$. We also bound the regularity by graph theoretic invariants and c
onstruct a family of counterexamples to a conjecture of Hibi and Matsuda.
The number of $n$-gaussoids is shown to be a double exponential function in $n$. The necessary bounds are achieved by studying construction methods for gaussoids that rely on prescribing $3$-minors and encoding the resulting combinatorial constraints
in a suitable transitive graph. Various special classes of gaussoids arise from restricting the allowed $3$-minors.
Optimal design theory for nonlinear regression studies local optimality on a given design space. We identify designs for the Bradley--Terry paired comparison model with small undirected graphs and prove that every saturated D-optimal design is repres
ented by a path. We discuss the case of four alternatives in detail and derive explicit polynomial inequality descriptions for optimality regions in parameter space. Using these regions, for each point in parameter space we can prescribe a D-optimal design.
The Macaulay2 package SumsOfSquares decomposes polynomials as sums of squares. It is based on methods to rationalize sum-of-squares decompositions due to Parrilo and Peyrl. The package features a data type for sums-of-squares polynomials, support for
external semidefinite programming solvers, and optimization over varieties.
We apply tools from real algebraic geometry to the problem of multistationarity of chemical reaction networks. A particular focus is on the case of reaction networks whose steady states admit a monomial parametrization. For such systems we show that
in the space of total concentrations multistationarity is scale invariant: if there is multistationarity for some value of the total concentrations, then there is multistationarity on the entire ray containing this value (possibly for different rate constants) -- and vice versa. Moreover, for these networks it is possible to decide about multistationarity independent of the rate constants by formulating semi-algebraic conditions that involve only concentration variables. These conditions can easily be extended to include total concentrations. Hence quantifier elimination may give new insights into multistationarity regions in the space of total concentrations. To demonstrate this, we show that for the distributive phosphorylation of a protein at two binding sites multistationarity is only possible if the total concentration of the substrate is larger than either the total concentration of the kinase or the total concentration of the phosphatase. This result is enabled by the chamber decomposition of the space of total concentrations from polyhedral geometry. Together with the corresponding sufficiency result of Bihan et al. this yields a characterization of multistationarity up to lower dimensional regions.
