The method of scaling transformations permitting to carry out the reconstruction of cross sections of $gamma N$ and $gammagamma$ interactions on the basis of cross sections of nucleon-(anti)nucleon interactions is suggested. The photon--hadron scalin
g violation is a consequence of dependence of scaling transformation parameter $bar n(s)$ on the energy. The universal function $bar n(s)$ is interpreted as the multiplicity of photohadronization. This function is established by processing the data on $gamma p$ cross sections in the low energy region $sqrt{s}< 20 GeV$ and is extrapolated to the high energy region up to $sqrt{s}sim 200 GeV$. The results of the reconstruction of $gamma N$ cross sections at high energies and of $gammagamma$ ones at all energies are in a remarkable agreement with available experimental data.
