We propose a scheme for the generation of counterpropagating polarization-entangled photon pairs from a dual-periodically poled crystal. Compared with the usual forward-wave type source, this source, in the backward-wave way, has a much narrower band
width. With a 2-cm-long bulk crystal, the bandwidths of the example sources are estimated to be 3.6 GHz, and the spectral brightnesses are more than 100 pairs/(s GHz mW). Two concurrent quasi-phase-matched spontaneous parametric down-conversion processes in a single crystal enable our source to be compact and stable. This scheme does not rely on any state projection and applies to both degenerate and non-degenerate cases, facilitating applications of the entangled photons.
In this paper we study the cohomology of (strict) Lie 2-groups. We obtain an explicit Bott-Shulman type map in the case of a Lie 2-group corresponding to the crossed module $Ato 1$. The cohomology of the Lie 2-groups corresponding to the universal cr
ossed modules $Gto Aut(G)$ and $Gto Aut^+(G)$ is the abutment of a spectral sequence involving the cohomology of $GL(n,Z)$ and $SL(n,Z)$. When the dimension of the center of $G$ is less than 3, we compute explicitly these cohomology groups. We also compute the cohomology of the Lie 2-group corresponding to a crossed module $Gto H$ whose kernel is compact and cokernel is connected, simply connected and compact and apply the result to the string 2-group.
