The spatial correlation with classical lights, which has some similar aspects as that with entangled lights, is an interesting and fundamentally important topic. But the features of high-order spatial correlation with classical lights are not well kn
own, and the types of high-order correlations produced are of limit. Here, we propose a scheme to produce third-order spatial correlated states by modulating the phases of three laser beams. With the scheme we can produce Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger-type (GHZ-type) and W-type spatial correlations with different phase modulations. Our scheme can be easily generalized to produce $N$-order spatial correlation states and to probe the aspects of different multi-partite spatial correlations.
Phase selection in deeply undercooled liquids and devitrified glasses during heating involves complex interplay between the barriers to nucleation and the ability for these nuclei to grow. During the devitrification of glassy alloys, complicated meta
stable structures often precipitate instead of simpler, more stable compounds. Here, we access this unconventional type of phase selections by investigating an Al-10%Sm system, where a complicated cubic structure first precipitates with a large lattice parameter of 1.4 nm. We not only solve the structure of this big cubic phase containing ~140 atoms but establish an explicit interconnection between the structural orderings of the amorphous alloy and the cubic phase, which provides a low-barrier nucleation pathway at low temperatures. The surprising rapid growth of the crystal is attributed to its high tolerance to point defects, which minimize the short-scale atomic rearrangements to form the crystal. Our study suggests a new scenario of devitrification, where phase transformation proceeds initially without partitioning through a complex intermediate crystal phase.
We calculate the coefficients of the dimension-8 quark and gluon condensates in the current-current correlator of $1^{-+}$ light hybrid current $gbar{q}(x)gamma_{ u}iG_{mu u}(x)q{(x)}$. With inclusion of these higher-power corrections and updating th
e input parameters, we re-analyze the mass of the $1^{-+}$ light hybrid meson from Monte-Carlo based QCD sum rules. Considering the possible violation of factorization of higher dimensional condensates and variation of $langle g^3G^3rangle$, we obtain a conservative mass range 1.72--2.60,GeV, which favors $pi_{1}(2015)$ as a better hybrid candidate compared with $pi_{1}(1600)$ and $pi_{1}(1400)$.
In this paper, we re-analyze the $1^{-+}$ and $0^{++}$ light hybrids from QCD sum rules with a Monte-Carlo based uncertainty analysis. With $30%$ uncertainties in the accepted central values for QCD condensates and other input parameters, we obtain a
prediction on $1^{-+}$ hybrid mass of $1.71 pm 0.22$,GeV, which covers the mass of $pi_1(1600)$. However, the $0^{++}$ hybrid mass prediction is more than 4,GeV, which is far away from any known $a_0$ meson. We also study the correlations between the input and output parameters of QCD sum rules.
We investigate single-electron transport through quantum dots with negative charging energy induced by a polaronic energy shift. For weak dot-lead tunnel couplings, we demonstrate a bipolaronic blockade effect at low biases which suppresses the oscil
lating linear conductance, while the conductance resonances under large biases are enhanced. Novel conductance plateau develops when the coupling asymmetry is introduced, with its height and width tuned by the coupling strength and external magnetic field. It is further shown that the amplitude ratio of magnetic-split conductance peaks changes from 3 to 1for increasing coupling asymmetry. Though we demonstrate all these transport phenomena in the low-order single-electron tunneling regime, they are already strikingly different from the usual Coulomb blockade physics and are easy to observe experimentally.
Facing the threats of infectious diseases, we take various actions to protect ourselves, but few studies considered an evolving system with competing strategies. In view of that, we propose an evolutionary epidemic model coupled with human behaviors,
where individuals have three strategies: vaccination, self-protection and laissez faire, and could adjust their strategies according to their neighbors strategies and payoffs at the beginning of each new season of epidemic spreading. We found a counter-intuitive phenomenon analogous to the well-known emph{Braesss Paradox}, namely a better condition may lead to worse performance. Specifically speaking, increasing the successful rate of self-protection does not necessarily reduce the epidemic size or improve the system payoff. This phenomenon is insensitive to the network topologies, and can be well explained by a mean-field approximation. Our study demonstrates an important fact that a better condition for individuals may yield a worse outcome for the society.
In this Letter, we introduce an aspiration-induced reconnection mechanism into the spatial public goods game. A player will reconnect to a randomly chosen player if its payoff acquired from the group centered on the neighbor does not exceed the aspir
ation level. We find that an intermediate aspiration level can best promote cooperation. This optimal phenomenon can be explained by a negative feedback effect, namely, a moderate level of reconnection induced by the intermediate aspiration level induces can change the downfall of cooperators, and then facilitate the fast spreading of cooperation. While insufficient reconnection and excessive reconnection induced by low and high aspiration levels respectively are not conductive to such an effect. Moreover, we find that the intermediate aspiration level can lead to the heterogeneous distribution of degree, which will be beneficial to the evolution of cooperation.
