We point out that, if the direct CP asymmetries in the $D to pi^+ pi^-$ and $D to K^+ K^-$ decays are unequal, the indirect CP asymmetries as measured in these modes are necessarily unequal. This nonuniversality of indirect CP asymmetries can be sign
ificant with the right amount of new physics contributions, a scenario that may be fine-tuned, but is still viable. A model-independent fit to the current data allows different indirect CP asymmetries in the above two decays. This could even be contributing to the apparent tension between the difference CP asymmetries $Delta A_{rm CP}$ measured through the pion-tagged and muon-tagged data samples at the LHCb. This also implies that the measurements of $A_Gamma$ and $y_{rm CP}$ in the $pi^+ pi^-$ and $K^+ K^-$ decay modes can be different, and averaging over these two modes should be avoided. In any case, the complete analysis of CP violation measurements in the $D$ meson sector needs to take into account the possibility of different indirect CP asymmetries in the $pi^+pi^-$ and $K^+ K^-$ channels.
Neutrino-neutrino interactions in dense neutrino streams, like those emitted by a core-collapse supernova, can lead to self-induced neutrino flavor
The recent Belle and BaBar measurements of the branching ratio of $B^+ to tau^+ u_tau$ indicate a significant deviation from the Standard Model prediction. We demonstrate that this measurement has a serious impact on models with minimal flavor viola
tion involving a charged Higgs boson, ruling out a large portion of the currently-allowed parameter space. In the constrained minimal supersymmetric standard model, this creates a tension between the measurements of $B^+ to tau^+ u_tau$ and the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon, unless $tanbeta$ is small, $mu > 0$, and $A_0$ takes a large negative value. In fact, a very small region of the parameter space of this model, with small values of $m_0$ and $m_{1/2}$, survives all the constraints at 95% C.L.. It is remarkable that this specific region is still consistent with the lightest supersymmetric particle as the dark matter. Moreover, it predicts observable SUSY signals in the early runs of the LHC, even perhaps at 7 TeV. We also show that a consistent explanation for the deviation of the $B^+ to tau^+ u_tau$ branching ratio from the Standard Model can be achieved in a non-universal Higgs mass model, which could also predict early signals of supersymmetry at the LHC.
In the scenario with four quark generations, we perform a fit using flavor-physics data and determine the allowed values -- preferred central values and errors -- of all of the elements of the 4X4 quark mixing matrix. In addition to the direct measur
ements of some of the elements, we include in the fit the present measurements of several flavor-changing observables in the K and B systems that have small hadronic uncertainties, and also consider the constraints from the vertex corrections to Z -> b bbar. The values taken for the masses of the fourth-generation quarks are consistent with the measurements of the oblique parameters and perturbativity of the Yukawa couplings. We find that |{tilde V}_{tb}| >= 0.98 at 3sigma, so that a fourth generation cannot account for any large deviation of |{tilde V}_{tb}| from unity. The fit also indicates that all the new-physics parameters are consistent with zero, and the mixing of the fourth generation with the other three is constrained to be very small: we obtain |{tilde V}_{ub}| < 0.06, |{tilde V}_{cb}| < 0.027, and |{tilde V}_{tb}| < 0.31 at 3sigma. Still, this does allow for the possibility of new-physics signals in Bd, Bs and rare K decays.
We show that a source-to-detector distance of 2540 km offers multiple advantages for a low energy neutrino factory with a detector that can identify muon charge. At this baseline, for any neutrino hierarchy, the wrong-sign muon signal is almost indep
endent of CP violation and $theta_{13}$ in certain energy ranges. This reduces the uncertainties due to these parameters and allows the identification of the hierarchy in a clean way. In addition, part of the muon spectrum is also sensitive to the CP violating phase and $theta_{13}$, so that the same setup can be used to probe these parameters as well.
We summarize our current understanding of the neutrino flavor
We point out possible features of neutrino spectra from a future galactic core collapse supernova that will enhance our understanding of neutrino mixing as well as supernova astrophysics. We describe the neutrino flavor
Renormalization group (RG) evolution of the neutrino mass matrix may take the value of the mixing angle $theta_{13}$ very close to zero, or make it vanish. On the other hand, starting from $theta_{13}=0$ at the high scale it may be possible to genera
te a non-zero $theta_{13}$ radiatively. In the most general scenario with non-vanishing CP violating Dirac and Majorana phases, we explore the evolution in the vicinity of $theta_{13}=0$, in terms of its structure in the complex ${cal U}_{e3}$ plane. This allows us to explain the apparent singularity in the evolution of the Dirac CP phase $delta$ at $theta_{13}=0$. We also introduce a formalism for calculating the RG evolution of neutrino parameters that uses the Jarlskog invariant and naturally avoids this singular behaviour. We find that the parameters need to be extremely fine-tuned in order to get exactly vanishing $theta_{13}$ during evolution. For the class of neutrino mass models with $theta_{13}=0$ at the high scale, we calculate the extent to which RG evolution can generate a nonzero $theta_{13}$, when the low energy effective theory is the standard model or its minimal supersymmetric extension. We find correlated constraints on $theta_{13}$, the lightest neutrino mass $m_0$, the effective Majorana mass $m_{ee}$ measured in the neutrinoless double beta decay, and the supersymmetric parameter $tanbeta$.
The neutrino burst from a galactic supernova can help determine the neutrino mass hierarchy and $theta_{13}$, and provide crucial information about supernova astrophysics. Here we review our current understanding of the neutrino burst, flavor
Symmetry-based ideas, such as the quark-lepton complementarity (QLC) principle and the tri-bimaximal mixing (TBM) scheme, have been proposed to explain the observed mixing pattern of neutrinos. We argue that such symmetry relations need to be imposed
at a high scale $Lambda sim 10^{12}$ GeV characterizing the large masses of right-handed neutrinos required to implement the seesaw mechanism. For nonhierarchical neutrinos, renormalisation group evolution down to a laboratory energy scale $lambda sim 10^3$ GeV tends to radiatively break these symmetries at a significant level and spoil the mixing pattern predicted by them. However, for Majorana neutrinos, suitable constraints on the extra phases $alpha_{2,3}$ enable the retention of those high scale mixing patterns at laboratory energies. We examine this issue within the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) and demonstrate the fact posited above for t
