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Register a new userComment on the paper Generalized dynamic equations related to condensation and freezing processes by Wang and Huang (2018)
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Pascal Marquet
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The condensation Probability Function defined in papers of X.R. Wang is criticized on many aspects. The modified latent heat and potential temperature are plotted and compared to usual atmospheric formulations.
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Skilful prediction of the seasonal Indian summer monsoon (ISM) rainfall (ISMR) at least one season in advance has great socio-economic value. It represents a lifeline for about a sixth of the worlds population. The ISMR prediction remained a challenging problem with the sub-critical skills of the dynamical models attributable to limited understanding of the interaction among clouds, convection, and circulation. The variability of cloud hydrometeors (cloud ice and cloud water) in different time scales (3-7 days, 10-20 days and 30-60 days bands) are examined from re-analysis data during Indian summer monsoon (ISM). Here, we also show that the internal variability of cloud hydrometeors (particularly cloud ice) associated with the ISM sub-seasonal (synoptic + intra-seasonal) fluctuations is partly predictable as they are found to be tied with slowly varying forcing (e.g., El Ni~no and Southern Oscillation). The representation of deep convective clouds, which involve ice phase processes in a coupled climate model, strongly modulates ISMR variability in association with global predictors. The results from the two sensitivity simulations using coupled global climate model (CGCM) are provided to demonstrate the importance of the cloud hydrometeors on ISM rainfall predictability. Therefore, this study provides a scientific basis for improving the simulation of the seasonal ISMR by improving the physical processes of the cloud on a sub-seasonal time scale and motivating further research in this direction.
We obtained the first experimental evidence for the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) nature of ionospheric medium-scale travelling wave packets (MSTWP). We used data on total electron content (TEC) measurements obtained at the dense Japanese network GPS/GEONET (1220 stations) in 2008-2009. We found that the diurnal, seasonal and spectral MSTWP characteristics are specified by the solar terminator (ST) dynamics. MSTWPs are the chains of narrow-band TEC oscillations with single packets duration of about 1-2 hours and oscillation periods of 10-20 minutes. Their total duration is about 4--6 hours. The MSTWP spatial structure is characterized by a high degree of anisotropy and coherence at the distance of more than 10 wavelengths. The MSTWP direction of travelling is characterized by a high directivity regardless of seasons. Occurrence rate of daytime MSTWPs is high in winter and during equinoxes. Occurrence rate of nighttime MSTIDs has its peak in summer. These features are consistent with previous MS travelling ionosphere disturbance (TID) statistics obtained from 630-nm airglow imaging observations in Japan. In winter, MSTWPs in the northern hemisphere are observed 3-4 hours after the morning ST passage. In summer, MSTWPs are detected 1.5-2 hours before the evening ST occurrence at the point of observations, at the moment of the evening ST passage in the magneto-conjugate point. Both the high Q-factor of oscillatory system and synchronization of MSTWP occurrence with the solar terminator passage at the point of observations and in the magneto-conjugate area testify the MHD nature of ST-excited MSTWP generation. The obtained results are the first experimental evidence for the hypothesis of the ST-generated ion sound waves.
The claim in ref.1 [M. Conte et al: Stern-Gerlach Force on a Precessing Magnetic Moment, Proceedings of PAC07 (http://cern.ch/AccelConf/p07/PAPER/THPAS105.pdf)] that the Stern-Gerlach force on a charged particle with a magnetic moment causes a change in longitudinal momentum proportional to gamma-squared when it traverses a specially configured localized electromagnetic field, contradicts the prediction based on the established interaction Lagrangian. It is shown that extending the calculation in ref. 1 to include the entire spin motion eliminates the gamma-squared term and thus the inconsistency.
An equation describing a one-dimensional model for the freezing of lakes is shown to be formally analogous to the Friedmann equation of cosmology. The analogy is developed and used to speculate on the change between two hypothetical spacetime phases in the early universe.
A new method is proposed to calculate wave functions in $k_T$-factorization in cite{LiMi} as a comment about our paper cite{FMW}. We point out that the results obtained with the method are in conflict with the translation invariance and depend on the chosen contours for loop-integrals. Therefore, the method is in principle unacceptable and the results with the method cannot be correct.
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