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Register a new userOnline detection of temporal communities in evolving networks by estrangement confinement
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Temporal communities result from a consistent partitioning of nodes across multiple snapshots of an evolving complex network that can help uncover how dense clusters in a network emerge, combine, split and decay with time. Current methods for finding communities in a single snapshot are not straightforwardly generalizable to finding temporal communities since the quality functions used for finding static communities have highly degenerate landscapes, and the eventual partition chosen among the many partitions of similar quality is highly sensitive to small changes in the network. To reliably detect temporal communities we need not only to find a good community partition in a given snapshot but also ensure that it bears some similarity to the partition(s) found in immediately preceding snapshots. We present a new measure of partition distance called estrangement motivated by the inertia of inter-node relationships which, when incorporated into the measurement of partition quality, facilitates the detection of meaningful temporal communities. Specifically, we propose the estrangement confinement method, which postulates that neighboring nodes in a community prefer to continue to share community affiliation as the network evolves. Constraining estrangement enables us to find meaningful temporal communities at various degrees of temporal smoothness in diverse real-world datasets. Specifically, we study the evolution of voting behavior of senators in the United States Congress, the evolution of proximity in human mobility datasets, and the detection of evolving communities in synthetic networks that are otherwise hard to find. Estrangement confinement thus provides a principled approach to uncovering temporal communities in evolving networks.
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Intermediate-scale (or `meso-scale) structures in networks have received considerable attention, as the algorithmic detection of such structures makes it possible to discover network features that are not apparent either at the local scale of nodes and edges or at the global scale of summary statistics. Numerous types of meso-scale structures can occur in networks, but investigations of such features have focused predominantly on the identification and study of community structure. In this paper, we develop a new method to investigate the meso-scale feature known as core-periphery structure, which entails identifying densely-connected core nodes and sparsely-connected periphery nodes. In contrast to communities, the nodes in a core are also reasonably well-connected to those in the periphery. Our new method of computing core-periphery structure can identify multiple cores in a network and takes different possible cores into account. We illustrate the differences between our method and several existing methods for identifying which nodes belong to a core, and we use our technique to examine core-periphery structure in examples of friendship, collaboration, transportation, and voting networks.
Degree distribution of nodes, especially a power law degree distribution, has been regarded as one of the most significant structural characteristics of social and information networks. Node degree, however, only discloses the first-order structure of a network. Higher-order structures such as the edge embeddedness and the size of communities may play more important roles in many online social networks. In this paper, we provide empirical evidence on the existence of rich higherorder structural characteristics in online social networks, develop mathematical models to interpret and model these characteristics, and discuss their various applications in practice. In particular, 1) We show that the embeddedness distribution of social links in many social networks has interesting and rich behavior that cannot be captured by well-known network models. We also provide empirical results showing a clear correlation between the embeddedness distribution and the average number of messages communicated between pairs of social network nodes. 2) We formally prove that random k-tree, a recent model for complex networks, has a power law embeddedness distribution, and show empirically that the random k-tree model can be used to capture the rich behavior of higherorder structures we observed in real-world social networks. 3) Going beyond the embeddedness, we show that a variant of the random k-tree model can be used to capture the power law distribution of the size of communities of overlapping cliques discovered recently.
Temporal graphs are ubiquitous. Mining communities that are bursting in a period of time is essential to seek emergency events in temporal graphs. Unfortunately, most previous studies for community mining in temporal networks ignore the bursting patterns of communities. In this paper, we are the first to study a problem of seeking bursting communities in a temporal graph. We propose a novel model, called (l, {delta})-maximal dense core, to represent a bursting community in a temporal graph. Specifically, an (l, {delta})-maximal dense core is a temporal subgraph in which each node has average degree no less than {delta} in a time segment with length no less than l. To compute the (l, {delta})-maximal dense core, we first develop a novel dynamic programming algorithm which can calculate the segment density efficiently. Then, we propose an improved algorithm with several novel pruning techniques to further improve the efficiency. In addition, we also develop an efficient algorithm to enumerate all (l, {delta})-maximal dense cores that are not dominated by the others in terms of the parameters l and {delta}. The results of extensive experiments on 9 real-life datasets demonstrate the effectiveness, efficiency and scalability of our algorithms.
The majority of real-world networks are dynamic and extremely large (e.g., Internet Traffic, Twitter, Facebook, ...). To understand the structural behavior of nodes in these large dynamic networks, it may be necessary to model the dynamics of behavioral roles representing the main connectivity patterns over time. In this paper, we propose a dynamic behavioral mixed-membership model (DBMM) that captures the roles of nodes in the graph and how they evolve over time. Unlike other node-centric models, our model is scalable for analyzing large dynamic networks. In addition, DBMM is flexible, parameter-free, has no functional form or parameterization, and is interpretable (identifies explainable patterns). The performance results indicate our approach can be applied to very large networks while the experimental results show that our model uncovers interesting patterns underlying the dynamics of these networks.
Analyzing the groups in the network based on same attributes, functions or connections between nodes is a way to understand network information. The task of discovering a series of node groups is called community detection. Generally, two types of information can be utilized to fulfill this task, i.e., the link structures and the node attributes. The temporal text network is a special kind of network that contains both sources of information. Typical representatives include online blog networks, the World Wide Web (WWW) and academic citation networks. In this paper, we study the problem of overlapping community detection in temporal text network. By examining 32 large temporal text networks, we find a lot of edges connecting two nodes with no common community and discover that nodes in the same community share similar textual contents. This scenario cannot be quantitatively modeled by practically all existing community detection methods. Motivated by these empirical observations, we propose MAGIC (Model Affiliation Graph with Interacting Communities), a generative model which captures community interactions and considers the information from both link structures and node attributes. Our experiments on 3 types of datasets show that MAGIC achieves large improvements over 4 state-of-the-art methods in terms of 4 widely-used metrics.
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