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Register a new user2MASS 22344161+4041387AB: A Wide, Young, Accreting, Low-mass Binary in the LkHa233 Group
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We report the discovery of a young, 0.16 binary, 2M2234+4041AB, found as the result of a Keck laser guide star adaptive optics imaging survey of young field ultracool dwarfs. Spatially resolved near-infrared photometry and spectroscopy indicate that the luminosity and temperature ratios of the system are near unity. From optical and near-infrared spectroscopy, we determine a composite spectral type of M6 for the system. Gravity-sensitive spectral features in the spectra of 2M2234+4041AB are best matched to those of young objects (~1 Myr old). A comparison of the Teff and age of 2M2234+4041AB to evolutionary models indicates the mass of each component is 0.10 (+0.075-0.04) Msun. Emission lines of H alpha in the composite optical spectrum of the system and Br gamma in spatially resolved near-IR spectra of the two components indicate that the system is actively accreting. Both components of the system have IR excesses, indicating that they both harbor circumstellar disks. Though 2M2234+4041AB was originally identified as a young field dwarf, it lies 1.5 from the well-studied Herbig Ae/Be star, LkHa 233. The distance to LkHa 233 is typically assumed to be 880 pc. It is unlikely 2M2234+4041AB could be this distant, as it would then be more luminous than any known Taurus objects of similar spectral type. We re-evaluate the distance to the LkHa 233 group and find a value of 325 (+72-50) pc, based on the Hipparcos distance to a nearby B3-type group member (HD 213976). 2M2234+4041AB is the first low-mass star to be potentially associated with the LkHa 233 group. At a distance of 325 pc, its projected physical separation is 51 AU, making it one of a growing number of wide, low-mass binaries found in young star-forming regions.
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We present the discovery of a planetary-mass companion to CFHTWIR-Oph 98, a low-mass brown dwarf member of the young Ophiuchus star-forming region, with a wide 200-au separation (1.46 arcsec). The companion was identified using Hubble Space Telescope images, and confirmed to share common proper motion with the primary using archival and new ground-based observations. Based on the very low probability of the components being unrelated Ophiuchus members, we conclude that Oph 98 AB forms a binary system. From our multi-band photometry, we constrain the primary to be an M9-L1 dwarf, and the faint companion to have an L2-L6 spectral type. For a median age of 3 Myr for Ophiuchus, fits of evolutionary models to measured luminosities yield masses of $15.4pm0.8$ M$_mathrm{Jup}$ for Oph 98 A and $7.8pm0.8$ M$_mathrm{Jup}$ for Oph 98 B, with respective effective temperatures of $2320pm40$ K and $1800pm40$ K. For possible system ages of 1-7 Myr, masses could range from 9.6-18.4 M$_mathrm{Jup}$ for the primary, and from 4.1-11.6 M$_mathrm{Jup}$ for the secondary. The low component masses and very large separation make this binary the lowest binding energy system imaged to date, indicating that the outcome of low-mass star formation can result in such extreme, weakly-bound systems. With such a young age, Oph 98 AB extends the growing population of young free-floating planetary-mass objects, offering a new benchmark to refine formation theories at the lowest masses.
We have discovered a wide planetary-mass companion to the $beta$ Pic moving group member 2MASSJ02495639-0557352 (M6 VL-G) using CFHT/WIRCam astrometry from the Hawaii Infrared Parallax Program. In addition, Keck laser guide star adaptive optics aperture-masking interferometry shows that the host is itself a tight binary. Altogether, 2MASSJ0249-0557ABc is a bound triple system with an $11.6^{+1.0}_{-1.3}$ $M_{rm Jup}$ object separated by $1950pm200$ AU (40) from a relatively close ($2.17pm0.22$ AU, 0.04) pair of $48^{+12}_{-13}$ $M_{rm Jup}$ and $44^{+11}_{-14}$ $M_{rm Jup}$ objects. 2MASSJ0249-0557AB is one of the few ultracool binaries to be discovered in a young moving group and the first confirmed in the $beta$ Pic moving group ($22pm6$ Myr). The mass, absolute magnitudes, and spectral type of 2MASSJ0249-0557 c (L2 VL-G) are remarkably similar to those of the planet $beta$ Pic b (L2, $13.0^{+0.4}_{-0.3}$ $M_{rm Jup}$). We also find that the free-floating object 2MASSJ2208+2921 (L3 VL-G) is another possible $beta$ Pic moving group member with colors and absolute magnitudes similar to $beta$ Pic b and 2MASSJ0249-0557 c. $beta$ Pic b is the first directly imaged planet to have a twin, namely an object of comparable properties in the same stellar association. Such directly imaged objects provide a unique opportunity to measure atmospheric composition, variability, and rotation across different pathways of assembling planetary-mass objects from the same natal material.
Substellar companions at wide separation around stars hosting planets or brown dwarfs (BDs) yet close enough for their formation in the circumstellar disc are of special interest. In this letter we report the discovery of a wide (projected separation $sim$16.0arcsec, or 2400 AU, and position angle 114.61$^circ$) companion of the GQ Lup A-B system, most likely gravitationally bound to it. A VLT/X-Shooter spectrum shows that this star, 2MASS J15491331-3539118, is a bonafide low-mass ($sim$0.15 M$_odot$) young stellar object (YSO) with stellar and accretion/ejection properties typical of Lupus YSOs of similar mass, and with kinematics consistent with that of the GQ Lup A-B system. A possible scenario for the formation of the triple system is that GQ Lup A and 2MASS J15491331-3539118 formed by fragmentation of a turbulent core in the Lup I filament, while GQ Lup B, the BD companion of GQ Lup A at 0.7arcsec, formed in situ by the fragmentation of the circumprimary disc. The recent discoveries that stars form along cloud filaments would favour the scenario of turbulent fragmentation for the formation of GQ Lup A and 2MASS J15491331-3539118.
We present 2MASS J11151597+1937266, a recently identified low-surface gravity L dwarf, classified as an L2$gamma$ based on Sloan Digital Sky Survey optical spectroscopy. We confirm this spectral type with near-infrared spectroscopy, which provides further evidence that 2MASS J11151597+1937266 is a low-surface gravity L dwarf. This object also shows significant excess mid-infrared flux, indicative of circumstellar material; and its strong H$alpha$ emission (EW$_{mathrm{H}alpha}=560pm82$ AA) is an indicator of enhanced magnetic activity or weak accretion. Comparison of its spectral energy distribution to model photospheres yields an effective temperature of $1724^{+184}_{-38}$ K. We also provide a revised distance estimate of $37pm6$ pc using a spectral type-luminosity relationship for low-surface gravity objects. The 3-dimensional galactic velocities and positions of 2MASS J11151597+1937266 do not match any known young association or moving group. Assuming a probable age in the range of 5-45 Myr, the model-dependent estimated mass of this object is between 7-21 $M_mathrm{Jup}$, making it a potentially isolated planetary-mass object. We also identify a candidate co-moving, young stellar companion, 2MASS J11131089+2110086.
We look for wide, faint companions around members of the 5 Myr Lambda Orionis open cluster. We used optical, near-infrared, and Spitzer/IRAC photometry. We report the discovery of a very wide very low mass visual binary, LOri167, formed by a brown dwarf and a planetary-mass candidate located at 5 arcsec, which seems to belong to the cluster. We derive Teff of 2125 and 1750 K. If they are members, comparisons with theoretical models indicate masses of 17 (20-15) Mjup and 8 (13-7) Mjup, with a projected separation of 2000 AU. Such a binary system would be difficult to explain in most models, particularly those where substellar objects form in the disks surrounding higher mass stars.
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