No Arabic abstract
We study the lower semicontinuity for functionals defined on compact sets in R^2 with a finite number of connected components and finite length which depend on their normal vector. We apply the result to the study of quasi-static growth of brittle fractures in linearly elastic inhomogeneous and anisotropic bodies.
In this paper, we prove an extension theorem for spheres of square radii in $mathbb{F}_q^d$, which improves a result obtained by Iosevich and Koh (2010). Our main tool is a new point-hyperplane incidence bound which will be derived via a cone restriction theorem. We also will study applications on distance problems.
We present a new data-driven paradigm for variational brittle fracture mechanics. The fracture-related material modeling assumptions are removed and the governing equations stemming from variational principles are combined with a set of discrete data points, leading to a model-free data-driven method of solution. The solution at a given load step is identified as the point within the data set that best satisfies either the Kuhn-Tucker conditions stemming from the variational fracture problem or global minimization of a suitable energy functional, leading to data-driven counterparts of both the local and the global minimization approaches of variational fracture mechanics. Both formulations are tested on different test configurations with and without noise and for Griffith and R-curve type fracture behavior.
A new quantum action-based theory, Dynamic Quantized Fracture Mechanics (DQFM), is presented that modifies continuum-based dynamic fracture mechanics. The crack propagation is assumed as quantized in both space and time. The static limit case corresponds to Quantized Fracture Mechanics (QFM), that we have recently developed to predict the strength of nanostructures.
Let $X$ be a ball Banach function space on ${mathbb R}^n$. In this article, under the mild assumption that the Hardy--Littlewood maximal operator is bounded on the associated space $X$ of $X$, the authors prove that, for any $fin C_{mathrm{c}}^2({mathbb R}^n)$, $$sup_{lambdain(0,infty)}lambdaleft |left|left{yin{mathbb R}^n: |f(cdot)-f(y)| >lambda|cdot-y|^{frac{n}{q}+1}right}right|^{frac{1}{q}} right|_Xsim | abla f|_X$$ with the positive equivalence constants independent of $f$, where $qin(0,infty)$ is an index depending on the space $X$, and $|E|$ denotes the Lebesgue measure of a measurable set $Esubset {mathbb R}^n$. Particularly, when $X:=L^p({mathbb R}^n)$ with $pin [1,infty)$, the above estimate holds true for any given $qin [1, p]$, which when $q=p$ is exactly the recent surprising formula of H. Brezis, J. Van Schaftingen, and P.-L. Yung, and which even when $q< p$ is new. This generalization has a wide range of applications and, particularly, enables the authors to establish new fractional Sobolev and Gagliardo--Nirenberg inequalities in various function spaces, including Morrey spaces, mixed-norm Lebesgue spaces, variable Lebesgue spaces, weighted Lebesgue spaces, Orlicz spaces, and Orlicz-slice (generalized amalgam) spaces, and, even in all these special cases, the obtained results are new. The proofs of these results strongly depend on the Poincare inequality, the extrapolation, the exact operator norm on $X$ of the Hardy--Littlewood maximal operator, and the geometry of $mathbb{R}^n.$
Classical statistical average values are generally generalized to average values of quantum mechanics, it is discovered that quantum mechanics is direct generalization of classical statistical mechanics, and we generally deduce both a new general continuous eigenvalue equation and a general discrete eigenvalue equation in quantum mechanics, and discover that a eigenvalue of quantum mechanics is just an extreme value of an operator in possibility distribution, the eigenvalue f is just classical observable quantity. A general classical statistical uncertain relation is further given, the general classical statistical uncertain relation is generally generalized to quantum uncertainty principle, the two lost conditions in classical uncertain relation and quantum uncertainty principle, respectively, are found. We generally expound the relations among uncertainty principle, singularity and condensed matter stability, discover that quantum uncertainty principle prevents from the appearance of singularity of the electromagnetic potential between nucleus and electrons, and give the failure conditions of quantum uncertainty principle. Finally, we discover that the classical limit of quantum mechanics is classical statistical mechanics, the classical statistical mechanics may further be degenerated to classical mechanics, and we discover that only saying that the classical limit of quantum mechanics is classical mechanics is mistake. As application examples, we deduce both Shrodinger equation and state superposition principle, deduce that there exist decoherent factor from a general mathematical representation of state superposition principle, and the consistent difficulty between statistical interpretation of quantum mechanics and determinant property of classical mechanics is overcome.