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Register a new userExact quantum S-matrices for solitons in simply-laced affine Toda field theories
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P.R. Johnson
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Exact solutions to the quantum S-matrices for solitons in simply-laced affine Toda field theories are obtained, except for certain factors of simple type which remain undetermined in some cases. These are found by postulating solutions which are consistent with the semi-classical limit, $hbarrightarrow 0$, and the known time delays for a classical two soliton interaction. This is done by a `$q$-deformation procedure, to move from the classical time delay to the exact S-matrix, by inserting a special function called the `regularised quantum dilogarithm, which only holds when $|q|=1$. It is then checked that the solutions satisfy the crossing, unitarity and bootstrap constraints of S-matrix theory. These properties essentially follow from analogous properties satisfied by the classical time delay. Furthermore, the lowest mass breather S-matrices are computed by the bootstrap, and it is shown that these agree with the particle S-matrices known already in the affine Toda field theories, in all simply-laced cases.
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We derive a modular anomaly equation satisfied by the prepotential of the N=2* supersymmetric theories with non-simply laced gauge algebras, including the classical B and C infinite series and the exceptional F4 and G2 cases. This equation determines the exact prepotential recursively in an expansion for small mass in terms of quasi-modular forms of the S-duality group. We also discuss the behaviour of these theories under S-duality and show that the prepotential of the SO(2r+1) theory is mapped to that of the Sp(2r) theory and viceversa, while the exceptional F4 and G2 theories are mapped into themselves (up to a rotation of the roots) in analogy with what happens for the N=4 supersymmetric theories. These results extend the analysis for the simply laced groups presented in a companion paper.
Let $U_q(mathfrak{g})$ be a quantum affine algebra with an indeterminate $q$ and let $mathscr{C}_{mathfrak{g}}$ be the category of finite-dimensional integrable $U_q(mathfrak{g})$-modules. We write $mathscr{C}_{mathfrak{g}}^0$ for the monoidal subcategory of $mathscr{C}_{mathfrak{g}}$ introduced by Hernandez-Leclerc. In this paper, we associate a simply-laced finite type root system to each quantum affine algebra $U_q(mathfrak{g})$ in a natural way, and show that the block decompositions of $mathscr{C}_{mathfrak{g}}$ and $mathscr{C}_{mathfrak{g}}^0$ are parameterized by the lattices associated with the root system. We first define a certain abelian group $mathcal{W}$ (resp. $mathcal{W}_0$) arising from simple modules of $ mathscr{C}_{mathfrak{g}}$ (resp. $mathscr{C}_{mathfrak{g}}^0$) by using the invariant $Lambda^infty$ introduced in the previous work by the authors. The groups $mathcal{W}$ and $mathcal{W}_0$ have the subsets $Delta$ and $Delta_0$ determined by the fundamental representations in $ mathscr{C}_{mathfrak{g}}$ and $mathscr{C}_{mathfrak{g}}^0$ respectively. We prove that the pair $( mathbb{R} otimes_mathbb{Z} mathcal{W}_0, Delta_0)$ is an irreducible simply-laced root system of finite type and the pair $( mathbb{R} otimes_mathbb{Z} mathcal{W}, Delta) $ is isomorphic to the direct sum of infinite copies of $( mathbb{R} otimes_mathbb{Z} mathcal{W}_0, Delta_0)$ as a root system.
Three-dimensional Coulomb branches have a prominent role in the study of moduli spaces of supersymmetric gauge theories with $8$ supercharges in $3,4,5$, and $6$ dimensions. Inspired by simply laced $3$d $mathcal{N}=4$ supersymmetric quiver gauge theories, we consider Coulomb branches constructed from non-simply laced quivers with edge multiplicity $k$ and no flavor nodes. In a computation of the Coulomb branch as the space of dressed monopole operators, a center-of-mass $U(1)$ symmetry needs to be ungauged. Typically, for a simply laced theory, all choices of the ungauged $U(1)$ (i.e. all choices of ungauging schemes) are equivalent and the Coulomb branch is unique. In this note, we study various ungauging schemes and their effect on the resulting Coulomb branch variety. It is shown that, for a non-simply laced quiver, inequivalent ungauging schemes exist which correspond to inequivalent Coulomb branch varieties. Ungauging on any of the long nodes of a non-simply laced quiver yields the same Coulomb branch $mathcal{C}$. For choices of ungauging the $U(1)$ on a short node of rank higher than $1$, the GNO dual magnetic lattice deforms such that it no longer corresponds to a Lie group, and therefore, the monopole formula yields a non-valid Coulomb branch. However, if the ungauging is performed on a short node of rank $1$, the one-dimensional magnetic lattice is rescaled conformally along its single direction and the corresponding Coulomb branch is an orbifold of the form $mathcal{C}/mathbb{Z}_k$. Ungauging schemes of $3$d Coulomb branches provide a particularly interesting and intuitive description of a subset of actions on the nilpotent orbits studied by Kostant and Brylinski arXiv:math/9204227. The ungauging scheme analysis is carried out for minimally unbalanced $C_n$, affine $F_4$, affine $G_2$, and twisted affine $D_4^{(3)}$ quivers, respectively.
A cross between two well-known integrable multi-particle dynamics, an affine Toda molecule and a Sutherland system, is introduced for any affine root system. Though it is not completely integrable but partially integrable, or quasi exactly solvable, it inherits many remarkable properties from the parents. The equilibrium position is algebraic, i.e. proportional to the Weyl vector. The frequencies of small oscillations near equilibrium are proportional to the affine Toda masses, which are essential ingredients of the exact factorisable S-matrices of affine Toda field theories. Some lower lying frequencies are integer times a coupling constant for which the corresponding exact quantum eigenvalues and eigenfunctions are obtained. An affine Toda-Calogero system, with a corresponding rational potential, is also discussed.
In a space-time of two dimensions the overall effect of the collision of two solitons is a time delay (or advance) of their final trajectories relative to their initial trajectories. For the solitons of affine Toda field theories, the space-time displacement of the trajectories is proportional to the logarithm of a number $X$ depending only on the species of the colliding solitons and their rapidity difference. $X$ is the factor arising in the normal ordering of the product of the two vertex operators associated with the solitons. $X$ is shown to take real values between $0$ and $1$. This means that, whenever the solitons are distinguishable, so that transmission rather than reflection is the only possible interpretation of the classical scattering process, the time delay is negative and so an indication of attractive forces between the solitons.
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