No Arabic abstract
The objective of this work is to study the role of shear on the rupture of ultrathin polymer films. To do so, a finite-difference numerical scheme for the resolution of the thin film equation was set up taking into account capillary and van der Waals (vdW) forces. This method was validated by comparing the dynamics obtained from an initial harmonic perturbation to established theoretical predictions. With the addition of shear, three regimes have then been evidenced as a function of the shear rate. In the case of low shear rates the rupture is delayed when compared to the no-shear problem, while at higher shear rates it is even suppressed: the perturbed interface goes back to its unperturbed state over time. In between these two limiting regimes, a transient one in which shear and vdW forces balance each other, leading to a non-monotonic temporal evolution of the perturbed interface, has been identified. While a linear analysis is sufficient to describe the rupture time in the absence of shear, the nonlinearities appear to be essential otherwise.
We study the dewetting of liquid films capped by a thin elastomeric layer. When the tension in the elastomer is isotropic, circular holes grow at a rate which decreases with increasing tension. The morphology of holes and rim stability can be controlled by changing the boundary conditions and tension in the capping film. When the capping film is prepared with a biaxial tension, holes form with a non-circular shape elongated along the high tension axis. With suitable choice of elastic boundary conditions, samples can even be designed such that square holes appear.
We study numerically the effect of thermal fluctuations and of variable fluid-substrate interactions on the spontaneous dewetting of thin liquid films. To this aim, we use a recently developed lattice Boltzmann method for thin liquid film flows, equipped with a properly devised stochastic term. While it is known that thermal fluctuations yield shorter rupture times, we show that this is a general feature of hydrophilic substrates, irrespective of the contact angle. The ratio between deterministic and stochastic rupture times, though, decreases with $theta$. Finally, we discuss the case of fluctuating thin film dewetting on chemically patterned substrates and its dependence on the form of the wettability gradients.
We consider two stacked ultra-thin layers of different liquids on a solid substrate. Using long-wave theory, we derive coupled evolution equations for the free liquid-liquid and liquid-gas interfaces. Linear and non-linear analyses show that depending on the long-range van-der-Waals forces and the ratio of the layer thicknesses, the system follows different pathways of dewetting. The instability may be driven by varicose or zigzag modes and leads to film rupture either at the liquid-gas interface or at the substrate.
We study the free-surface deformation dynamics of an immersed glassy thin polymer film supported on a substrate, induced by an air nanobubble at the free surface.We combine analytical and numerical treatments of the glassy thin film equation, resulting from the lubrication approximation applied to the surface mobile layer of the glassy film, under the driving of an axisymmetric step function in the pressure term accounting for the nanobubbles Laplace pressure. Using the method of Greens functions, we derive a general solution for the film profile. We show that the lateral extent of the surface perturbation follows an asymptotic viscocapillary power-law behaviour in time, and that the films central height decays logarithmically in time in this regime. This process eventually leads to film rupture and dewetting at finite time, for which we provide an analytical prediction exhibiting explicitly the dependencies in surface mobility, film thickness and bubble size, among others. Finally, using finite-element numerical integration, we discuss how non-linear effects induced by the curvature and film profile can affect the evolution.
The spontaneous formation of droplets via dewetting of a thin fluid film from a solid substrate allows for materials nanostructuring, under appropriate experimental control. While thermal fluctuations are expected to play a role in this process, their relevance has remained poorly understood, particularly during the nonlinear stages of evolution. Within a stochastic lubrication framework, we show that thermal noise speeds up and substantially influences the formation and evolution of the droplet arrangement. As compared with their deterministic counterparts, for a fixed spatial domain, stochastic systems feature a smaller number of droplets, with a larger variability in sizes and space distribution. Finally, we discuss the influence of stochasticity on droplet coarsening for very long times.