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Limiting weak-type behaviors for singular integrals with rough $Llog L(mathbb{S}^n)$ kernels

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 Added by Qingying Xue
 Publication date 2021
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and research's language is English




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Let $Omega$ be a function of homogeneous of degree zero and vanish on the unit sphere $mathbb {S}^n$. In this paper, we investigate the limiting weak-type behavior for singular integral operator $T_Omega$ associated with rough kernel $Omega$. We show that, if $Omegain Llog L(mathbb S^{n})$, then $lim_{lambdato0^+}lambda|{xinmathbb{R}^n:|T_Omega(f)(x)|>lambda}| = n^{-1}|Omega|_{L^1(mathbb {S}^n)}|f|_{L^1(mathbb{R}^n)},quad0le fin L^1(mathbb{R}^n).$ Moreover,$(n^{-1}|Omega|_{L^1(mathbb{S}^{n-1})}$ is a lower bound of weak-type norm of $T_Omega$ when $Omegain Llog L(mathbb{S}^{n-1})$. Corresponding results for rough bilinear singular integral operators defined in the form $T_{vecOmega}(f_1,f_2) = T_{Omega_1}(f_1)cdot T_{Omega_2}(f_2)$ have also been established.

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By a reduction method, the limiting weak-type behaviors of factional maximal operators and fractional integrals are established without any smoothness assumption on the kernel, which essentially improve and extend previous results. As a byproduct, we characterize the boundedness of several operators by the membership of their kernel in Lebesgue space on sphere.
Let $Omegain L^1{({mathbb S^{n-1}})}$, be a function of homogeneous of degree zero, and $M_Omega$ be the Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator associated with $Omega$ defined by $M_Omega(f)(x) = sup_{r>0}frac1{r^n}int_{|x-y|<r}|Omega(x-y)f(y)|dy.$ It was shown by Christ and Rubio de Francia that $|M_Omega(f)|_{L^{1,infty}({mathbb R^n})} le C(|Omega|_{Llog L({mathbb S^{n-1}})}+1)|f|_{L^1({mathbb R^n})}$ provided $Omegain Llog L {({mathbb S^{n-1}})}$. In this paper, we show that, if $Omegain Llog L({mathbb S^{n-1}})$, then for all $fin L^1({mathbb R^n})$, $M_Omega$ enjoys the limiting weak-type behaviors that $$lim_{lambdato 0^+}lambda|{xin{mathbb R^n}:M_Omega(f)(x)>lambda}| = n^{-1}|Omega|_{L^1({mathbb S^{n-1}})}|f|_{L^1({mathbb R^n})}.$$ This removes the smoothness restrictions on the kernel $Omega$, such as Dini-type conditions, in previous results. To prove our result, we present a new upper bound of $|M_Omega|_{L^1to L^{1,infty}}$, which essentially improves the upper bound $C(|Omega|_{Llog L({mathbb S^{n-1}})}+1)$ given by Christ and Rubio de Francia. As a consequence, the upper and lower bounds of $|M_Omega|_{L^1to L^{1,infty}}$ are obtained for $Omegain Llog L {({mathbb S^{n-1}})}$.
It is well known that the weak ($1,1$) bounds doesnt hold for the strong maximal operators, but it still enjoys certain weak $Llog L$ type norm inequality. Let $Phi_n(t)=t(1+(log^+t)^{n-1})$ and the space $L_{Phi_n}({mathbb R^{n}})$ be the set of all measurable functions on ${mathbb R^{n}}$ such that $|f|_{L_{Phi_n}({mathbb R^{n}})} :=|Phi_n(|f|)|_{L^1({mathbb R^{n}})}<infty$. In this paper, we introduce a new weak norm space $L_{Phi_n}^{1,infty}({mathbb R^{n}})$, which is more larger than $L^{1,infty}({mathbb R^{n}})$ space, and establish the correspondng limiting weak type behaviors of the strong maximal operators. As a corollary, we show that $ max{{2^n}{((n-1)!)^{-1}},1}$ is a lower bound for the best constant of the $L_{Phi_n}to L_{Phi_n}^{1,infty}$ norm of the strong maximal operators. Similar results have been extended to the multilinear strong maximal operators.
Let $Omega_1,Omega_2$ be functions of homogeneous of degree $0$ and $vecOmega=(Omega_1,Omega_2)in Llog L(mathbb{S}^{n-1})times Llog L(mathbb{S}^{n-1})$. In this paper, we investigate the limiting weak-type behavior for bilinear maximal function $M_{vecOmega}$ and bilinear singular integral $T_{vecOmega}$ associated with rough kernel $vecOmega$. For all $f,gin L^1(mathbb{R}^n)$, we show that $$lim_{lambdato 0^+}lambda |big{ xinmathbb{R}^n:M_{vecOmega}(f_1,f_2)(x)>lambdabig}|^2 = frac{|Omega_1Omega_2|_{L^{1/2}(mathbb{S}^{n-1})}}{omega_{n-1}^2}prodlimits_{i=1}^2| f_i|_{L^1}$$ and $$lim_{lambdato 0^+}lambda|big{ xinmathbb{R}^n:| T_{vecOmega}(f_1,f_2)(x)|>lambdabig}|^{2} = frac{|Omega_1Omega_2|_{L^{1/2}(mathbb{S}^{n-1})}}{n^2}prodlimits_{i=1}^2| f_i|_{L^1}.$$ As consequences, the lower bounds of weak-type norms of $M_{vecOmega}$ and $T_{vecOmega}$ are obtained. These results are new even in the linear case. The corresponding results for rough bilinear fractional maximal function and fractional integral operator are also discussed.
We establish $L^2$ boundedness of all nice parabolic singular integrals on Good Parabolic Graphs, aka {em regular} Lip(1,1/2) graphs. The novelty here is that we include non-homogeneous kernels, which are relevant to the theory of parabolic uniform rectifiability. Previously, the third named author had treated the case of homogeneous kernels. The present proof combines the methods of that work (which in turn was based on methods described in Christs CBMS lecture notes), with the techniques of Coifman-David-Meyer. This is a very preliminary draft. Eventually, these results will be part of a more extensive work on parabolic uniform rectifiability and singular integrals.
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