No Arabic abstract
In the framework of the Einstein-Maxwell-axion-aether theory we establish the model, the Lagrangian of which contains the sin-type generalization of the term describing the axion-photon coupling, and the axionically induced cosine-type modification of the term attributed to the dilaton-photon interactions. The extension of the axion-dilaton-aether electrodynamics is inspired by the Jacksons idea concerning the internal symmetry of the equations of electromagnetism. The application of the extended theory to the anisotropic homogeneous cosmological model of the Bianchi-I type is considered. The exact solutions to the model evolutionary equations are obtained for the case, when the axionic dark matter is in the state of equilibrium, which is characterized by vanishing potential of the pseudoscalar field and its first derivative. The state of the axion-photon system, which is of a new type and is indicated as a dynamic equilibrium, is studied in the framework of electrodynamics with axionic non-linearity. We show that the nonlinear axion-photon interactions can mimic the dilaton-photon coupling. We discuss the stability of the model with respect to homogeneous fluctuations of the axion field.
We present results from a numerical study of spherical gravitational collapse in shift symmetric Einstein dilaton Gauss-Bonnet (EdGB) gravity. This modified gravity theory has a single coupling parameter that when zero reduces to general relativity (GR) minimally coupled to a massless scalar field. We first show results from the weak EdGB coupling limit, where we obtain solutions that smoothly approach those of the Einstein-Klein-Gordon system of GR. Here, in the strong field case, though our code does not utilize horizon penetrating coordinates, we nevertheless find tentative evidence that approaching black hole formation the EdGB modifications cause the growth of scalar field hair, consistent with known static black hole solutions in EdGB gravity. For the strong EdGB coupling regime, in a companion paper we first showed results that even in the weak field (i.e. far from black hole formation), the EdGB equations are of mixed type: evolution of the initially hyperbolic system of partial differential equations lead to formation of a region where their character changes to elliptic. Here, we present more details about this regime. In particular, we show that an effective energy density based on the Misner-Sharp mass is negative near these elliptic regions, and similarly the null convergence condition is violated then.
Dark energy is often assumed to be composed by a single scalar field. The background cosmic expansion is not sufficient to determine whether this is true or not. We study multi-field scalar-tensor models with a general dark matter source and write the observable modified gravity parameters (effective gravitational constant and anisotropic stress) in the form of a ratio of polynomials in the Fourier wavenumber k of order 2N, where N is the number of scalar fields. By comparing these observables to real data it is in principle possible to determine the number of dark energy scalar fields coupled to gravity. We also show that there are no realistic non-trivial cases in which the order of the polynomials is reduced.
We present the study of exact inhomogeneous cosmological solutions to a four-dimensional low energy limit of string theory containing non-minimal interacting electromagnetic, dilaton and axion fields. We analyze Einstein-Rosen solutions of Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton-axion equations and show, by explicitly taken the asymptotic limits, that they have asymptotically velocity-term dominated (AVTD) singularities.
We consider cosmological models with a dynamical dark energy field, and study the presence of three types of commonly found instabilities, namely ghost (when fields have negative kinetic energy), gradient (negative momentum squared) and tachyon (negative mass squared). In particular, we study the linear scalar perturbations of theories with two interacting scalar fields as a proxy for a dark energy and matter fields, and explicitly show how canonical transformations relate these three types of instabilities with each other. We generically show that low-energy ghosts are equivalent to tachyonic instabilities, and that high-energy ghosts are equivalent to gradient instabilities. Via examples we make evident the fact that whenever one of these fields exhibits an instability then the entire physical system becomes unstable, with an unbounded Hamiltonian. Finally, we discuss the role of interactions between the two fields, and show that whereas most of the time interactions will not determine whether an instability is present or not, they may affect the timescale of the instability. We also find exceptional cases in which the two fields are ghosts and hence the physical system is seemingly unstable, but the presence of interactions actually lead to stable solutions. These results are very important for assessing the viability of dark energy models that may exhibit ghost, gradient or tachyonic modes.
Extending the Standard Model with three right-handed neutrinos and a simple QCD axion sector can account for neutrino oscillations, dark matter and baryon asymmetry; at the same time, it solves the strong CP problem, stabilizes the electroweak vacuum and can implement critical Higgs inflation (satisfying all current observational bounds). We perform here a general analysis of dark matter (DM) in such a model, which we call the $a u$MSM. Although critical Higgs inflation features a (quasi) inflection point of the inflaton potential we show that DM cannot receive a contribution from primordial black holes in the $a u$MSM. This leads to a multicomponent axion-sterile-neutrino DM and allows us to relate the axion parameters, such as the axion decay constant, to the neutrino parameters. We include several DM production mechanisms: the axion production via misalignment and decay of topological defects as well as the sterile-neutrino production through the resonant and non-resonant mechanisms and in the recently proposed CPT-symmetric universe.