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Register a new userQuantum Hall effect originated from helical edge states in Cd$_3$As$_2$
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The recent experimental observations of the quantum Hall effect in 3D topological semimetals have attracted great attention, but there are still debates on its origin. We systematically study the dependence of the quantum Hall effect in topological semimetals on the thickness, Fermi energy, and growth direction, taking into account the contributions from the Fermi-arc surface states, confinement-induced bulk subbands, and helical side-surface edge states. In particular, we focus on the intensively studied Dirac semimetal Cd$_{3}$As$_{2}$ and its slabs grown along experimentally accessible directions, including [001], [110], and [112]. We reveal an ignored mechanism from the Zeeman splitting of the helical edge states, which along with Fermi-arc 3D quantum Hall effect, may give a non-monotonic dependence of the Hall conductance plateaus on the magnetic field in the most experimentally studied [112] direction slab. Our results will be insightful for exploring the quantum Hall effects beyond two dimensions.
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A quantum Hall edge state provides a rich foundation to study electrons in 1-dimension (1d) but is limited to chiral propagation along a single direction. Here, we demonstrate a versatile platform to realize new 1d systems made by combining quantum Hall edge states of opposite chiralities in a graphene electron-hole bilayer. Using this approach, we engineer helical 1d edge conductors where the counterpropagating modes are localized in separate electron and hole layers by a tunable electric field. These helical conductors exhibit strong nonlocal transport signals and suppressed backscattering due to the opposite spin polarizations of the counterpropagating modes. Moreover, we investigate these electron-hole bilayers in the fractional quantum Hall regime, where we observe conduction through fractional and integer edge states of opposite chiralities, paving the way towards the realization of 1d helical systems with fractional quantum statistics.
The ground state of charge neutral graphene under perpendicular magnetic field was predicted to be a quantum Hall topological insulator with a ferromagnetic order and spin-filtered, helical edge channels. In most experiments, however, an otherwise insulating state is observed and is accounted for by lattice-scale interactions that promote a broken-symmetry state with gapped bulk and edge excitations. We tuned the ground state of the graphene zeroth Landau level to the topological phase via a suitable screening of the Coulomb interaction with a SrTiO$_3$ high-$k$ dielectric substrate. We observed robust helical edge transport emerging at a magnetic field as low as 1 tesla and withstanding temperatures up to 110 kelvins over micron-long distances. This new and versatile graphene platform opens new avenues for spintronics and topological quantum computation.
The quantum spin Hall (QSH) effect, characterized by topologically protected spin-polarized edge states, was recently demonstrated in monolayers of the transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) 1T-WTe$_2$. However, the robustness of this topological protection remains largely unexplored in van der Waals heterostructures containing one or more layers of a QSH insulator. In this work, we use scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/STS), to study twisted bilayer (tBL) WTe$_2$ with three different orientations and compare it to a topologically trivial as-grown bilayer. We observe the characteristic spectroscopic signature of the QSH edge state in the twisted bilayers, including along a coinciding edge where two sets of QSH edge states sit on top of the other. By comparing our experimental observations to first principles calculations, we conclude that the twisted bilayers are weakly coupled, preserving the QSH states and preventing back scattering.
We report the first experimental observation of superconductivity in Cd$_3$As$_2$ thin films without application of external pressure. Surface studies suggest that the observed transport characteristics are related to the polycrystalline continuous part of investigated films with homogeneous distribution of elements and the Cd-to-As ratio close to stoichiometric Cd$_3$As$_2$. The latter is also supported by Raman spectra of the studied films, which are similar to those of Cd$_3$As$_2$ single crystals. The formation of superconducting phase in films under study is confirmed by the characteristic behavior of temperature and magnetic field dependence of samples resistances, as well as by the presence of pronounced zero-resistance plateaux in $dV/dI$ characteristics. The corresponding $H_c-T_c$ plots reveal a clearly pronounced linear behavior within the intermediate temperature range, similar to that observed for bulk Cd$_3$As$_2$ and Bi$_2$Se$_3$ films under pressure, suggesting the possibility of nontrivial pairing in the films under investigation. We discuss a possible role of sample inhomogeneities and crystal strains in the observed phenomena.
Co$_3$Sn$_2$S$_2$ is a ferromagnetic semi-metal with Weyl nodes in its band structure and a large anomalous Hall effect below its Curie temperature of 177 K. We present a detailed study of its Fermi surface and examine the relevance of the anomalous transverse Wiedemann Franz law to it. We studied Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations along two orientations in single crystals with a mobility as high as $2.7times$10$^3$ cm$^2$V$^{-1}$s$^{-1}$ subject to a magnetic field as large as $sim$ 60 T. The angle dependence of the frequencies is in agreement with density functional theory (DFT) calculations and reveals two types of hole pockets (H1, H2) and two types of electron pockets (E1, E2). An additional unexpected frequency emerges at high magnetic field. We attribute it to magnetic breakdown between the hole pocket H2 and the electron pocket E2, since it is close to the sum of the E2 and H2 fundamental frequencies. By measuring the anomalous thermal and electrical Hall conductivities, we quantified the anomalous transverse Lorenz ratio, which is close to the Sommerfeld ratio ($L_0=frac{pi^2}{3}frac{k_B^2}{e^2}$) below 100 K and deviates downwards at higher temperatures. This finite temperature deviation from the anomalous Wiedemann-Franz law is a source of information on the distance between the sources and sinks of the Berry curvature and the chemical potential.
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