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Register a new userStudy of isothermal compressibility and speed of sound in matter formed in heavy-ion collision using unified formalism
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The thermodynamical quantities and response functions are useful to describe the particle production in heavy-ion collisions as they reveal crucial information about the produced system. While the study of isothermal compressibility provides inference about the viscosity of the medium, the speed of sound helps in understanding the equation of state. With an aim towards understanding the system produced in the heavy-ion collision, we have made an attempt to study isothermal compressibility and speed of sound as a function of charged particle multiplicity in heavy-ion collisions at $sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = $2.76$ TeV, $5.02$ TeV, and $5.44$ TeV using Pearson formalism.
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The pseudorapidity distribution of charged hadron over a wide $eta$ range gives us crucial information about the dynamics of particle production. Constraint on the detector acceptance, particularly at forward rapidities, demands a proper distribution function to extrapolate the pseudorapidity distribution to large $eta$. In this work, we have proposed a phenomenological model based on Pearson statistical framework to study the pseudorapidity distribution. We have analyzed and fit data of charged hadrons produced in $Pb-Pb$ collision at $2.76$ TeV and $Xe-Xe$ collision at $5.44$ TeV using the proposed model.
We calculate the speed of sound $c_s$ in an ideal gas of resonances whose mass spectrum is assumed to have the Hagedorn form $rho(m) sim m^{-a}exp{bm}$, which leads to singular behavior at the critical temperature $T_c = 1/b$. With $a = 4$ the pressure and the energy density remain finite at $T_c$, while the specific heat diverges there. As a function of the temperature the corresponding speed of sound initially increases similarly to that of an ideal pion gas until near $T_c$ where the resonance effects dominate causing $c_s$ to vanish as $(T_c - T)^{1/4}$. In order to compare this result to the physical resonance gas models, we introduce an upper cut-off M in the resonance mass integration. Although the truncated form still decreases somewhat in the region around $T_c$, the actual critical behavior in these models is no longer present.
The speed of sound ($c_s$) is studied to understand the hydrodynamical evolution of the matter created in heavy-ion collisions. The quark-gluon plasma (QGP) formed in heavy-ion collisions evolves from an initial QGP to the hadronic phase via a possible mixed phase. Due to the system expansion in a first order phase transition scenario, the speed of sound reduces to zero as the specific heat diverges. We study the speed of sound for systems, which deviate from a thermalized Boltzmann distribution using non-extensive Tsallis statistics. In the present work, we calculate the speed of sound as a function of temperature for different $q$-values for a hadron resonance gas. We observe a similar mass cut-off behaviour in non-extensive case for $c^{2}_s$ by including heavier particles, as is observed in the case of a hadron resonance gas following equilibrium statistics. Also, we explicitly present that the temperature where the mass cut-off starts, varies with the $q$-parameter which hints at a relation between the degree of non-equilibrium and the limiting temperature of the system. It is shown that for values of $q$ above approximately 1.13 all criticality disappear in the speed of sound, i.e. the decrease in the value of the speed of sound, observed at lower values of $q$, disappears completely.
The estimate based on the parton model is made on the rate of production of Super Heavy Particle ( SHP ) in subthreshold collision of heavy ions at LHC. For the one month run of lead-lead collision the yield of 16 TeV particle is of the order of 70 per year.
Study of thermal particle production is crucial to understand the space-time evolution of the fireball produced in high energy heavy-ion collisions. We consider thermal particle production within the framework of relativistic viscous hydrodynamics and employ recently obtained analytical solutions of higher-order viscous hydrodynamics with longitudinal Bjorken expansion to calculate the spectra of dileptons and photons. Using these analytical solutions, we constrain the allowed initial states by demanding positivity and reality of energy density throughout the evolution. Further, we compute thermal particle spectra and study the particle yield in context of hydrodynamic attractors. We find that, of all allowed solutions, the evolution corresponding to attractor solution leads to maximum production of thermal particles.
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