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Register a new userCaravel: A C++ Framework for the Computation of Multi-Loop Amplitudes with Numerical Unitarity
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We present the first public version of Caravel, a C++17 framework for the computation of multi-loop scattering amplitudes in quantum field theory, based on the numerical unitarity method. Caravel is composed of modules for the $D$-dimensional decomposition of integrands of scattering amplitudes into master and surface terms, the computation of tree-level amplitudes in floating point or finite-field arithmetic, the numerical computation of one- and two-loop amplitudes in QCD and Einstein gravity, and functional reconstruction tools. We provide programs that showcase Caravels main functionalities and allow to compute selected one- and two-loop amplitudes.
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We compute a complete set of independent leading-color two-loop five-parton amplitudes in QCD. These constitute a fundamental ingredient for the next-to-next-to-leading order QCD corrections to three-jet production at hadron colliders. We show how to consistently consider helicity amplitudes with external fermions in dimensional regularization, allowing the application of a numerical variant of the unitarity approach. Amplitudes are computed by exploiting a decomposition of the integrand into master and surface terms that is independent of the parton type. Master integral coefficients are numerically computed in either finite-field or floating-point arithmetic and combined with known analytic master integrals. We recompute two-loop leading-color four-parton amplitudes as a check of our implementation. Results are presented for all independent four- and five-parton processes including contributions with massless closed fermion loops.
Recent progress in unitarity techniques for one-loop scattering amplitudes makes a numerical implementation of this method possible. We present a 4-dimensional unitarity method for calculating the cut-constructible part of amplitudes and implement the method in a numerical procedure. Our technique can be applied to any one-loop scattering amplitude and offers the possibility that one-loop calculations can be performed in an automatic fashion, as tree-level amplitudes are currently done. Instead of individual Feynman diagrams, the ingredients for our one-loop evaluation are tree-level amplitudes, which are often already known. To study the practicality of this method we evaluate the cut-constructible part of the 4, 5 and 6 gluon one-loop amplitudes numerically, using the analytically known 4, 5 and 6 gluon tree-level amplitudes. Comparisons with analytic answers are performed to ascertain the numerical accuracy of the method.
We explain how one-loop amplitudes with massive fermions can be computed using only on-shell information. We first use the spinor-helicity formalism in six dimensions to perform generalised unitarity cuts in $d$ dimensions. We then show that divergent wavefunction cuts can be avoided, and the remaining ambiguities in the renormalised amplitudes can be fixed, by matching to universal infrared poles in $4-2epsilon$ dimensions and ultraviolet poles in $6-2epsilon$ dimensions. In the latter case we construct an effective Lagrangian in six dimensions and reduce the additional constraint to an on-shell tree-level computation.
We show that one-loop amplitudes in massless gauge theories can be determined from single cuts. By cutting a single propagator and putting it on-shell, the integrand of an n-point one-loop integral is transformed into an (n+2)-particle tree level amplitude. The single-cut approach described here is complementary to the double or multiple unitarity cut approaches commonly used in the literature. In common with these approaches, if the cut is taken in four dimensions, one finds only the cut-constructible parts of the amplitude, while if the cut is in D=4-2 epsilon dimensions, both rational and cut-constructible parts are obtained. We test our method by reproducing the known results for the fully rational all-plus and mostly-plus QCD amplitudes A^{(1)}_4(1^+,2^+,3^+,4^+) and A^{(1)}_5(1^+,2^+,3^+,4^+,5^+). We also rederive expressions for the scalar loop contribution to the four-gluon MHV amplitude, A_4^{(1,N=0)}(-,-,+,+) which has both cut-constructible and rational contributions, and the fully cut-constructible n-gluon MHV amplitude in N=4 Supersymetric Yang-Mills, A_4^{(1,N=4)}(-,-,+,...,+).
A framework to represent and compute two-loop $N$-point Feynman diagrams as double-integrals is discussed. The integrands are generalised one-loop type multi-point functions multiplied by simple weighting factors. The final integrations over these two variables are to be performed numerically, whereas the ingredients involved in the integrands, in particular the generalised one-loop type functions, are computed analytically. The idea is illustrated on a few examples of scalar three- and four-point functions.
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