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Register a new userNonassociativity of the Norton Algebras of some distance regular graphs
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Jia Huang
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A Norton algebra is an eigenspace of a distance regular graph endowed with a commutative nonassociative product called the Norton product, which is defined as the projection of the entrywise product onto this eigenspace. The Norton algebras are useful in finite group theory as they have interesting automorphism groups. We provide a precise quantitative measurement for the nonassociativity of the Norton product on the eigenspace of the second largest eigenvalue of the Johnson graphs, Grassman graphs, Hamming graphs, and dual polar graphs, based on the formulas for this product established in previous work of Levstein, Maldonado and Penazzi. Our result shows that this product is as nonassociative as possible except for two cases, one being the trivial vanishing case while the other having connections with the integer sequence A000975 on OEIS and the so-called double minus operation studied recently by Huang, Mickey, and Xu.
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The Norton product is defined on each eigenspace of a distance regular graph by the orthogonal projection of the entry-wise product. The resulting algebra, known as the Norton algebra, is a commutative nonassociative algebra that is useful in group theory due to its interesting automorphism group. We provide a formula for the Norton product on each eigenspace of a Hamming graph using linear characters. We construct a large subgroup of automorphisms of the Norton algebra of a Hamming graph and completely describe the automorphism group in some cases. We also show that the Norton product on each eigenspace of a Hamming graph is as nonassociative as possible, except for some special cases in which it is either associative or equally as nonassociative as the so-called double minus operation previously studied by the author, Mickey, and Xu. Our results restrict to the hypercubes and extend to the halved and/or folded cubes, the bilinear forms graphs, and more generally, all Cayley graphs of finite abelian groups.
The edit distance function of a hereditary property $mathscr{H}$ is the asymptotically largest edit distance between a graph of density $pin[0,1]$ and $mathscr{H}$. Denote by $P_n$ and $C_n$ the path graph of order $n$ and the cycle graph of order $n$, respectively. Let $C_{2n}^*$ be the cycle graph $C_{2n}$ with a diagonal, and $widetilde{C_n}$ be the graph with vertex set ${v_0, v_1, ldots, v_{n-1}}$ and $E(widetilde{C_n})=E(C_n)cup {v_0v_2}$. Marchant and Thomason determined the edit distance function of $C_6^{*}$. Peck studied the edit distance function of $C_n$, while Berikkyzy et al. studied the edit distance of powers of cycles. In this paper, by using the methods of Peck and Martin, we determine the edit distance function of $C_8^{*}$, $widetilde{C_n}$ and $P_n$, respectively.
In this paper infinite families of linear binary nested completely regular codes are constructed. They have covering radius $rho$ equal to $3$ or $4$, and are $1/2^i$-th parts, for $iin{1,ldots,u}$ of binary (respectively, extended binary) Hamming codes of length $n=2^m-1$ (respectively, $2^m$), where $m=2u$. In the usual way, i.e., as coset graphs, infinite families of embedded distance-regular coset graphs of diameter $D$ equal to $3$ or $4$ are constructed. In some cases, the constructed codes are also completely transitive codes and the corresponding coset graphs are distance-transitive.
Characterizations graphs of some classes to induce periodic Grover walks have been studied for recent years. In particular, for the strongly regular graphs, it has been known that there are only three kinds of such graphs. Here, we focus on the periodicity of the Grover walks on distance-regular graphs. The distance-regular graph can be regarded as a kind of generalization of the strongly regular graphs and the typical graph with an equitable partition. In this paper, we find some classes of such distance-regular graphs and obtain some useful necessary conditions to induce periodic Grover walks on the general distance-regular graphs. Also, we apply this necessary condition to give another proof for the strong regular graphs.
A known Kronecker construction of completely regular codes has been investigated taking different alphabets in the component codes. This approach is also connected with lifting constructions of completely regular codes. We obtain several classes of completely regular codes with different parameters, but identical intersection array. Given a prime power $q$ and any two natural numbers $a,b$, we construct completely transitive codes over different fields with covering radius $rho=min{a,b}$ and identical intersection array, specifically, one code over $F_{q^r}$ for each divisor $r$ of $a$ or $b$. As a corollary, for any prime power $q$, we show that distance regular bilinear forms graphs can be obtained as coset graphs from several completely regular codes with different parameters. Under the same conditions, an explicit construction of an infinite family of $q$-ary uniformly packed codes (in the wide sense) with covering radius $rho$, which are not completely regular, is also given.
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