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Register a new userCoulomb-driven relativistic electron beam compression
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Coulomb interaction between charged particles is a well-known phenomenon in many areas of researches. In general the Coulomb repulsion force broadens the pulse width of an electron bunch and limits the temporal resolution of many scientific facilities such as ultrafast electron diffraction and x-ray free-electron lasers. Here we demonstrate a scheme that actually makes use of Coulomb force to compress a relativistic electron beam. Furthermore, we show that the Coulomb-driven bunch compression process does not introduce additional timing jitter, which is in sharp contrast to the conventional radio-frequency buncher technique. Our work not only leads to enhanced temporal resolution in electron beam based ultrafast instruments that may provide new opportunities in probing material systems far from equilibrium, but also opens a promising direction for advanced beam manipulation through self-field interactions.
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We propose and demonstrate a novel method to reduce the pulse width and timing jitter of a relativistic electron beam through THz-driven beam compression. In this method the longitudinal phase space of a relativistic electron beam is manipulated by a linearly polarized THz pulse in a dielectric tube such that the bunch tail has a higher velocity than the bunch head, which allows simultaneous reduction of both pulse width and timing jitter after passing through a drift. In this experiment, the beam is compressed by more than a factor of four from 130 fs to 28 fs with the arrival time jitter also reduced from 97 fs to 36 fs, opening up new opportunities in using pulsed electron beams for studies of ultrafast dynamics. This technique extends the well known rf buncher to the THz frequency and may have a strong impact in accelerator and ultrafast science facilities that require femtosecond electron beams with tight synchronization to external lasers.
We propose and demonstrate a novel method to produce few-femtosecond electron beam with relatively low timing jitter. In this method a relativistic electron beam is compressed from about 150 fs (rms) to about 7 fs (rms, upper limit) with the wakefield at THz frequency produced by a leading drive beam in a dielectric tube. By imprinting the energy chirp in a passive way, we demonstrate through laser-driven THz streaking technique that no additional timing jitter with respect to an external laser is introduced in this bunch compression process, a prominent advantage over the conventional method using radio-frequency bunchers. We expect that this passive bunching technique may enable new opportunities in many ultrashort-beam based advanced applications such as ultrafast electron diffraction and plasma wakefield acceleration.
A new system used for monitoring energetic Coulomb-scattered electrons as the main diagnostic for accurately aligning the electron and ion beams in the new Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) electron lenses is described in detail. The theory of electron scattering from relativistic ions is developed and applied to the design and implementation of the system used to achieve and maintain the alignment. Commissioning with gold and 3He beams is then described as well as the successful utilization of the new system during the 2015 RHIC polarized proton run. Systematic errors of the new method are then estimated. Finally, some possible future applications of Coulomb-scattered electrons for beam diagnostics are briefly discussed.
We demonstrate the electromagnetic performance of waveguides for femtosecond electron beam bunch manipulation and compression with strong-field terahertz (THz) pulses. The compressor structure is a dispersion-free exponentially-tapered parallel-plate waveguide (PPWG) that can focus single-cycle THz pulses along one dimension. We show test results of the tapered PPWG structure using electro-optic sampling (EOS) at the interaction region with peak fields of at least 300 kV/cm given 0.9 uJ of incoming THz energy. We also present a modified shorted design of the tapered PPWG for better beam manipulation and reduced magnetic field as an alternative to a dual-feed approach. As an example, we demonstrate that with 5 uJ of THz energy, the PPWG compresses a 2.5 MeV electron bunch by a compression factor of more than 4 achieving a bunch length of about 18 fs.
Plasma driven particle accelerators represent the future of compact accelerating machines and Free Electron Lasers are going to benefit from these new technologies. One of the main issue of this new approach to FEL machines is the design of the transfer line needed to match of the electron-beam with the magnetic undulators. Despite the reduction of the chromaticity of plasma beams is one of the main goals, the target of this line is to be effective even in cases of beams with a considerable value of chromaticity. The method here explained is based on the code GIOTTO [1] that works using a homemade genetic algorithm and that is capable of finding optimal matching line layouts directly using a full 3D tracking code.
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