Reservoir engineering is the term used in quantum control and information technologies to describe manipulating the environment within which an open quantum system operates. Reservoir engineering is essential in applications where storing quantum information is required. From the control theory perspective, a quantum system is capable of storing quantum information if it possesses a so-called decoherence free subsystem (DFS). This paper explores pole placement techniques to facilitate synthesis of decoherence free subsystems via coherent quantum feedback control. We discuss limitations of the conventional `open loop approach and propose a constructive feedback design methodology for decoherence free subsystem engineering. It captures a quite general dynamic coherent feedback structure which allows systems with decoherence free modes to be synthesized from components which do not have such modes.
We previously extended Luenbergers approach for observer design to the quantum case, and developed a class of coherent observers which tracks linear quantum stochastic systems in the sense of mean values. In light of the fact that the Luenberger observer is commonly and successfully applied in classical control, it is interesting to investigate the role of coherent observers in quantum feedback. As the first step in exploring observer-based coherent control, in this paper we study pole-placement techniques for quantum systems using coherent observers, and in such a fashion, poles of a closed-loop quantum system can be relocated at any desired locations. In comparison to classical feedback control design incorporating the Luenberger observer, here direct coupling between a quantum plant and the observer-based controller are allowed to enable a greater degree of freedom for the design of controller parameters. A separation principle is presented, and we show how to design the observer and feedback independently to be consistent with the laws of quantum mechanics. The proposed scheme is applicable to coherent feedback control of quantum systems, especially when the transient dynamic response is of interest, and this issue is illustrated in an example.
The paper considers the problem of equalization of passive linear quantum systems. While our previous work was concerned with the analysis and synthesis of passive equalizers, in this paper we analyze coherent quantum equalizers whose annihilation (respectively, creation) operator dynamics in the Heisenberg picture are driven by both quadratures of the channel output field. We show that the characteristics of the input field must be taken into consideration when choosing the type of the equalizing filter. In particular, we show that for thermal fields allowing the filter to process both quadratures of the channel output may not improve mean square accuracy of the input field estimate, in comparison with passive filters. This situation changes when the input field is `squeezed.
Efficient quantum state measurement is important for maximizing the extracted information from a quantum system. For multi-qubit quantum processors in particular, the development of a scalable architecture for rapid and high-fidelity readout remains a critical unresolved problem. Here we propose reservoir computing as a resource-efficient solution to quantum measurement of superconducting multi-qubit systems. We consider a small network of Josephson parametric oscillators, which can be implemented with minimal device overhead and in the same platform as the measured quantum system. We theoretically analyze the operation of this Kerr network as a reservoir computer to classify stochastic time-dependent signals subject to quantum statistical features. We apply this reservoir computer to the task of multinomial classification of measurement trajectories from joint multi-qubit readout. For a two-qubit dispersive measurement under realistic conditions we demonstrate a classification fidelity reliably exceeding that of an optimal linear filter using only two to five reservoir nodes, while simultaneously requiring far less calibration data textendash{} as little as a single measurement per state. We understand this remarkable performance through an analysis of the network dynamics and develop an intuitive picture of reservoir processing generally. Finally, we demonstrate how to operate this device to perform two-qubit state tomography and continuous parity monitoring with equal effectiveness and ease of calibration. This reservoir processor avoids computationally intensive training common to other deep learning frameworks and can be implemented as an integrated cryogenic superconducting device for low-latency processing of quantum signals on the computational edge.
Reservoir computer is a temporal information processing system that exploits an artificial or physical dissipative dynamics to learn a dynamical system generating the target time-series. This paper proposes the use of real superconducting quantum computing devices as the reservoir, where the dissipative property is served by the natural noise added to the quantum bits. The performance of this natural quantum reservoir is demonstrated in a benchmark time-series regression problem and a practical problem classifying different objects based on a temporal sensor data. In both cases the proposed reservoir computer shows a higher performance than a linear regression or classification model. The results indicate that a noisy quantum device potentially functions as a reservoir computer, and notably, the quantum noise, which is undesirable in the conventional quantum computation, can be used as a rich computation resource.
We show how to design different couplings between a single ion trapped in a harmonic potential and an environment. This will provide the basis for the experimental study of the process of decoherence in a quantum system. The coupling is due to the absorption of a laser photon and subsequent spontaneous emission. The variation of the laser frequencies and intensities allows one to ``engineer the coupling and select the master equation describing the motion of the ion.