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Register a new userTime resolution of time-of-flight detector based on multiple scintillation counters readout by SiPMs
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A new timing detector measuring ~50 MeV/c positrons is under development for the MEG II experiment, aiming at a time resolution $sigma_t sim 30~mathrm{ps}$. The resolution is expected to be achieved by measuring each positron time with multiple counters made of plastic scintillator readout by silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs). The purpose of this work is to demonstrate the time resolution for ~50 MeV/c positrons using prototype counters. Counters with dimensions of $90times 40times 5~mathrm{mm}^3$ readout by six SiPMs (three on each $40times 5~mathrm{mm}^2$ plane) were built with SiPMs from Hamamatsu Photonics and AdvanSiD and tested in a positron beam at the DA$Phi$NE Beam Test Facility. The time resolution was found to improve nearly as the square root of the number of counter hits. A time resolution $sigma_t=26.2pm1.3~mathrm{ps}$ was obtained with eight counters with Hamamatsu SiPMs. These results suggest that the design resolution is achievable in the MEG II experiment.
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We report the time resolution of 100 $rm mu m$ 4H-SiC PIN detectors which are fabricated by Nanjing University (NJU). The time responses for $rm beta$ particle from $rm ^{90}$Sr source are investigated for the detection of the minimum ionizing particles (MIPs). The influences of different reverse voltages which correspond to carrier velocity and device sizes which correlate with capacitance for time resolution are studied. We acquired a time resolution (94$pm$1) ps for 100 $rm mu m$ 4H-SiC PIN detector. A fast simulation software - RASER (RAdiation SEmiconductoR) has been developed to simulate the time resolution of 4H-SiC detector, and the simulation has been validated by the waveform comparison of RASER simulation and measured data. The simulated time resolution is (53 $pm$ 1) ps after consider the intrinsic leading contributions of detector in time resolution.
Timing-pick up detectors with excellent timing resolutions are essential in many modern nuclear physics experiments. Aiming to develop a Time-Of-Flight system with precision down to about 10 ps, we have made a systematic study of the timing characteristic of TOF detectors, which consist of several combinations of plastic scintillators and photomultiplier tubes. With the conventional electronics, the best timing resolution of about 5.1 ps ({sigma}) has been achieved for detectors with an area size of 3x1 cm2. It is found that for data digitalization a combination of TAC and ADC can achieve a better time resolution than currently available TDC. Simultaneously measurements of both time and pulse height are very valuable for correction of time-walk effect.
In order to further enhance the particle identification capability of the Beijing Spectrometer (BESIII), it is proposed to upgrade the current end-cap time-of-flight (eTOF) detector with multi-gap resistive plate chamber (MRPC). The prototypes, together with the front end electronics (FEE) and time digitizer (TDIG) module have been tested at the E3 line of Beijing Electron Positron Collider (BEPCII) to study the difference between the single and double-end readout MRPC designs. The time resolutions (sigma) of the single-end readout MRPC are 47/53 ps obtained by 600 MeV/c proton/pion beam, while that of the double-end readout MRPC is 40 ps (proton beam). The efficiencies of three MRPC modules tested by both proton and pion beam are better than 98%. For the double-end readout MRPC, no incident position dependence is observed.
TORCH is a time-of-flight detector that is being developed for the Upgrade II of the LHCb experiment, with the aim of providing charged particle identification over the momentum range 2-10 GeV/c. A small-scale TORCH demonstrator with customised readout electronics has been operated successfully in beam tests at the CERN PS. Preliminary results indicate that a single-photon resolution better than 100 ps can be achieved.
The possibilty of performing high-rate calorimetry with a slow scintillator crystal is studied. In this experimental situation, to avoid pulse pile-up, it can be necessary to base the energy measurement on only a fraction of the emitted light, thus spoiling the energy resolution. This effect was experimentally studied with a BGO crystal and a photomultiplier followed by an integrator, by measuring the peak amplitude of the signals. The experimental data show that the energy resolution is exclusively due to the statistical fluctuations of the number of photoelectrons contributing to the peak amplitude. When such number is small its fluctuations are even smaller than those predicted by Poisson statistics. These results were confirmed by a Monte Carlo simulation which allows to estimate, in a general case, the energy resolution, given the total number of photoelectrons, the scintillation time and the integration time.
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