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Register a new userSuperconductivity in FeTe{1-x}S_x induced by electrochemical reaction using ionic liquid solution
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Superconductivity in FeTe0.8S0.2 is successfully induced by an electrochemical reaction using an ionic liquid solution. A clear correlation between the Fe concentration in the solution and the manifestation of superconductivity was confirmed, suggesting that superconductivity was induced by the deintercalation of excess iron.
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We found that hot alcoholic beverages were effective in inducing superconductivity in FeTe$_{0.8}$S0$_{.2}$. Heating FeTe$_{0.8}$S0$_{.2}$ compound in various alcoholic beverages enhances the superconducting properties compared to pure water-ethanol mixture as a control. Heating with red wine for 24 hours leads to the largest shielding volume fraction of 62.4% and the highest zero resistivity temperature of 7.8 K. Some components present in alcoholic beverages, other than water and ethanol, have the ability to induce superconductivity in FeTe$_{0.8}$S0$_{.2}$ compound.
Superconducting FeSe0.8Te0.2 thin films on SrTiO3, LaAlO3 and CaF2 substrates were electrochemically etched in an ionic liquid DEME-TFSI electrolyte with a gate bias of 5 V. Superconductivity at 38 K was commonly observed on all substrates after etching the films with a thickness above 30 nm, in spite of different Tc of 8 K, 12 K and 19 K before the etching on SrTiO3, LaAlO3 and CaF2 substrates, respectively. Tc returned to the original value by removing the gate bias. The Tc enhancement on the thick film indicates no relationship between the Tc enhancement and any interface effects between the film and the substrate. The sheet resistance and the Hall coefficient of the surface conducting layer were estimated from the gate bias dependence of the transport properties. The sheet resistance of the surface conducting layer of the films on LaAlO3 and CaF2 showed an identical temperature dependence, and the Hall coefficient is almost temperature independent and -0.05 to -0.2 m2/C, corresponding to 4-17 electrons per one FeSe0.8Te0.2 unit cell area in two dimension. These common transport properties on various substrates suggest that the superconductivity at 38 K appeared in the surface conducting layer produced by electrochemical reaction between the surface of the FeSe0.8Te0.2 thin film and the ionic liquid electrolyte.
We have fabricated thin films of FeTe$_{1-x}$Se$_x$ using a scotch-tape method. The superconductivities of the thin films are different from each other although these films were fabricated from the same bulk sample. The result clearly presents the inhomogeneous superconductivity in FeTe$_{1-x}$Se$_x$. The difference comes from inhomogeneity due to the excess Fe concentration. The resistivity of a thin film with low excess Fe shows good superconductivity with the sharp superconducting-transition width and more isotropic superconductivity.
The iron-based superconductor FeTe$_{1-x}$Se$_{x}$ has attracted considerable attention as a candidate topological superconductor owing to a unique combination of topological surface states and bulk high-temperature superconductivity. The superconducting properties of as-grown single crystals, however, are highly variable and synthesis dependent due to excess interstitial iron impurities incorporated during growth. Here we report a novel physicochemical process for pumping this interstitial iron out of the FeTe$_{1-x}$Se$_{x}$ matrix and achieving bulk superconductivity. Our method should have significant value for the synthesis of high-quality single crystals of FeTe$_{1-x}$Se$_{x}$ with large superconducting volume fractions.
Superconductivity is successfully induced by utilizing a battery-like reaction found in a typical Li-ion battery. Excess Fe in FeTe0.8S0.2 is electrochemically de-intercalated by applying a voltage in a citric acid solution. The superconducting properties improve with an increase in the applied voltage up to 1.5 V. This result suggests that an electrochemical reaction can be used as a novel method to develop new superconducting materials.
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