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Register a new userFamilies of absolutely simple hyperelliptic jacobians
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Authors
Yuri G. Zarhin
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We prove that the jacobian of a hyperelliptic curve $y^2=(x-t)h(x)$ has no nontrivial endomorphisms over an algebraic closure of the ground field $K$ of characteristic zero if $t in K$ and the Galois group of the polynomial $h(x)$ over $K$ is very big and $deg(h)$ is an even number >8. (The case of odd $deg(h)>3$ follows easily from previous results of the author.)
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Using Galois Theory, we construct explicitly absolutely simple (principally polarized) Prym varieties that are not isomorphic to jacobians of curves even if we ignore the polarizations. Our approach is based on the previous papers math/0610138 [math.AG] and math/0605028 [math.AG] .
Let $K$ be an algebraically closed field of characteristic different from 2, $g$ a positive integer, $f(x)$ a degree $(2g+1)$ polynomial with coefficients in $K$ and without multiple roots, $C:y^2=f(x)$ the corresponding genus $g$ hyperelliptic curve over K, and $J$ the jacobian of $C$. We identify $C$ with the image of its canonical embedding into $J$ (the infinite point of $C$ goes to the identity element of $J$). It is well known that for each $mathfrak{b} in J(K)$ there are exactly $2^{2g}$ elements $mathfrak{a} in J(K)$ such that $2mathfrak{a}=mathfrak{b}$. M. Stoll constructed an algorithm that provides Mumford representations of all such $mathfrak{a}$, in terms of the Mumford representation of $mathfrak{b}$. The aim of this paper is to give explicit formulas for Mumford representations of all such $mathfrak{a}$, when $mathfrak{b}in J(K)$ is given by $P=(a,b) in C(K)subset J(K)$ in terms of coordinates $a,b$. We also prove that if $g>1$ then $C(K)$ does not contain torsion points with order between $3$ and $2g$.
Let $K$ be an algebraically closed field of characteristic different from 2, $g$ a positive integer, $f(x)$ a degree $(2g+1)$ polynomial with coefficients in $K$ and without multiple roots, $C: y^2=f(x)$ the corresponding genus $g$ hyperelliptic curve over $K$ and $J$ the jacobian of $C$. We identify $C$ with the image of its canonical embedding into $J$ (the infinite point of $C$ goes to the zero point of $J$). For each point $P=(a,b)in C(K)$ there are $2^{2g}$ points $frac{1}{2}P in J(K)$. We describe explicitly the Mumford represesentations of all $frac{1}{2}P$. The rationality questions for $frac{1}{2}P$ are also discussed.
Let K be a field of characteristic zero, f(x) be a polynomial with coefficients in K and without multiple roots. We consider the superelliptic curve C_{f,q} defined by y^q=f(x), where q=p^r is a power of a prime p. We determine the Hodge group of the simple factors of the Jacobian of C_{f,q}.
We use methods for computing Picard numbers of reductions of K3 surfaces in order to study the decomposability of Jacobians over number fields and the variance of Mordell-Weil ranks of families of Jacobians over different ground fields. For example, we give examples of surfaces whose Picard numbers jump in rank at all primes of good reduction using Mordell-Weil groups of Jacobians and show that the genus of curves over number fields whose Jacobians are isomorphic to a product of elliptic curves satisfying certain reduction conditions is bounded. The isomorphism result addresses the number field analogue of some questions of Ekedahl and Serre on decomposability of Jacobians of curves into elliptic curves.
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