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Register a new userDivision by 2 on odd degree hyperelliptic curves and their jacobians
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Authors
Yuri G. Zarhin
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Let $K$ be an algebraically closed field of characteristic different from 2, $g$ a positive integer, $f(x)$ a degree $(2g+1)$ polynomial with coefficients in $K$ and without multiple roots, $C:y^2=f(x)$ the corresponding genus $g$ hyperelliptic curve over K, and $J$ the jacobian of $C$. We identify $C$ with the image of its canonical embedding into $J$ (the infinite point of $C$ goes to the identity element of $J$). It is well known that for each $mathfrak{b} in J(K)$ there are exactly $2^{2g}$ elements $mathfrak{a} in J(K)$ such that $2mathfrak{a}=mathfrak{b}$. M. Stoll constructed an algorithm that provides Mumford representations of all such $mathfrak{a}$, in terms of the Mumford representation of $mathfrak{b}$. The aim of this paper is to give explicit formulas for Mumford representations of all such $mathfrak{a}$, when $mathfrak{b}in J(K)$ is given by $P=(a,b) in C(K)subset J(K)$ in terms of coordinates $a,b$. We also prove that if $g>1$ then $C(K)$ does not contain torsion points with order between $3$ and $2g$.
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Let $K$ be an algebraically closed field of characteristic different from 2, $g$ a positive integer, $f(x)$ a degree $(2g+1)$ polynomial with coefficients in $K$ and without multiple roots, $C: y^2=f(x)$ the corresponding genus $g$ hyperelliptic curve over $K$ and $J$ the jacobian of $C$. We identify $C$ with the image of its canonical embedding into $J$ (the infinite point of $C$ goes to the zero point of $J$). For each point $P=(a,b)in C(K)$ there are $2^{2g}$ points $frac{1}{2}P in J(K)$. We describe explicitly the Mumford represesentations of all $frac{1}{2}P$. The rationality questions for $frac{1}{2}P$ are also discussed.
We prove that the jacobian of a hyperelliptic curve $y^2=(x-t)h(x)$ has no nontrivial endomorphisms over an algebraic closure of the ground field $K$ of characteristic zero if $t in K$ and the Galois group of the polynomial $h(x)$ over $K$ is very big and $deg(h)$ is an even number >8. (The case of odd $deg(h)>3$ follows easily from previous results of the author.)
Let $K$ be an algebraically closed field of characteristic different from $2$, $g$ a positive integer, $f(x)in K[x]$ a degree $2g+1$ monic polynomial without repeated roots, $C_f: y^2=f(x)$ the corresponding genus g hyperelliptic curve over $K$, and $J$ the jacobian of $C_f$. We identify $C_f$ with the image of its canonical embedding into $J$ (the infinite point of $C_f$ goes to the zero of group law on $J$). It is known (arXiv:1809.03061 [math.AG]) that if $g>1$ then $C_f(K)$ does not contain torsion points, whose order lies between $3$ and $2g$. In this paper we study torsion points of order $2g+1$ on $C_f(K)$. Despite the striking difference between the cases of $g=1$ and $g> 1$, some of our results may be viewed as a generalization of well-known results about points of order $3$ on elliptic curves. E.g., if $p=2g+1$ is a prime that coincides with $char(K)$, then every odd degree genus $g$ hyperelliptic curve contains, at most, two points of order $p$. If $g$ is odd and $f(x)$ has real coefficients, then there are, at most, two real points of order $2g+1$ on $C_f$. If $f(x)$ has rational coefficients and $g<52$, then there are, at most, two rational points of order $2g+1$ on $C_f$. (However, there are exist genus $52$ hyperelliptic curves over the field of rational numbers that have, at least, four rational points of order 105.)
We approach the Torelli problem of recostructing a curve from its Jacobian from a computational point of view. Following Dubrovin, we design a machinery to solve this problem effectively, which builds on methods in numerical algebraic geometry. We verify this methods via numerical experiments with curves up to genus 7.
Let $K$ be a field of characteristic different from $2$, $bar{K}$ its algebraic closure. Let $n ge 3$ be an odd prime such that $2$ is a primitive root modulo $n$. Let $f(x)$ and $h(x)$ be degree $n$ polynomials with coefficients in $K$ and without repeated roots. Let us consider genus $(n-1)/2$ hyperelliptic curves $C_f: y^2=f(x)$ and $C_h: y^2=h(x)$, and their jacobians $J(C_f)$ and $J(C_h)$, which are $(n-1)/2$-dimensional abelian varieties defined over $K$. Suppose that one of the polynomials is irreducible and the other reducible. We prove that if $J(C_f)$ and $J(C_h)$ are isogenous over $bar{K}$ then both jacobians are abelian varieties of CM type with multiplication by the field of $n$th roots of $1$.
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