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Rota-Baxter algebras were introduced to solve some analytic and combinatorial problems and have appeared in many fields in mathematics and mathematical physics. Rota-Baxter algebras provide a construction of pre-Lie algebras from associative algebras. In this paper, we give all Rota-Baxter operators of weight 1 on complex associative algebras in dimension $leq 3$ and their corresponding pre-Lie algebras.
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This paper first introduces the notion of a Rota-Baxter operator (of weight $1$) on a Lie group so that its differentiation gives a Rota-Baxter operator on the corresponding Lie algebra. Direct products of Lie groups, including the decompositions of Iwasawa and Langlands, carry natural Rota-Baxter operators. Formal inverse of the Rota-Baxter operator on a Lie group is precisely the crossed homomorphism on the Lie group, whose tangent map is the differential operator of weight $1$ on a Lie algebra. A factorization theorem of Rota-Baxter Lie groups is proved, deriving directly on the Lie group level, the well-known global factorization theorems of Semenov-Tian-Shansky in his study of integrable systems. As geometrization, the notions of Rota-Baxter Lie algebroids and Rota-Baxter Lie groupoids are introduced, with the former a differentiation of the latter. Further, a Rota-Baxter Lie algebroid naturally gives rise to a post-Lie algebroid, generalizing the well-known fact for Rota-Baxter Lie algebras and post-Lie algebras. It is shown that the geometrization of a Rota-Baxter Lie algebra or a Rota-Baxter Lie group can be realized by its action on a manifold. Examples and applications are provided for these new notions.
In this paper, first we introduce the notion of a twisted Rota-Baxter operator on a 3-Lie algebra $g$ with a representation on $V$. We show that a twisted Rota-Baxter operator induces a 3-Lie algebra structure on $V$, which represents on $g$. By this fact, we define the cohomology of a twisted Rota-Baxter operator and study infinitesimal deformations of a twisted Rota-Baxter operator using the second cohomology group. Then we introduce the notion of an NS-3-Lie algebra, which produces a 3-Lie algebra with a representation on itself. We show that a twisted Rota-Baxter operator induces an NS-3-Lie algebra naturally. Thus NS-3-Lie algebras can be viewed as the underlying algebraic structures of twisted Rota-Baxter operators on 3-Lie algebras. Finally we show that a Nijenhuis operator on a 3-Lie algebra gives rise to a representation of the deformed 3-Lie algebra and a 2-cocycle. Consequently, the identity map will be a twisted Rota-Baxter operator on the deformed 3-Lie algebra. We also introduce the notion of a Reynolds operator on a 3-Lie algebra, which can serve as a special case of twisted Rota-Baxter operators on 3-Lie algebras.
Based on the differential graded Lie algebra controlling deformations of an $n$-Lie algebra with a representation (called an n-LieRep pair), we construct a Lie n-algebra, whose Maurer-Cartan elements characterize relative Rota-Baxter operators on n-LieRep pairs. The notion of an n-pre-Lie algebra is introduced, which is the underlying algebraic structure of the relative Rota-Baxter operator. We give the cohomology of relative Rota-Baxter operators and study infinitesimal deformations and extensions of order m deformations to order m+1 deformations of relative Rota-Baxter operators through the cohomology groups of relative Rota-Baxter operators. Moreover, we build the relation between the cohomology groups of relative Rota-Baxter operators on n-LieRep pairs and those on (n+1)-LieRep pairs by certain linear functions.
In this paper, first we introduce the notion of a Reynolds operator on an $n$-Lie algebra and illustrate the relationship between Reynolds operators and derivations on an $n$-Lie algebra. We give the cohomology theory of Reynolds operators on an $n$-Lie algebra and study infinitesimal deformations of Reynolds operators using the second cohomology group. Then we introduce the notion of NS-$n$-Lie algebras, which are generalizations of both $n$-Lie algebras and $n$-pre-Lie algebras. We show that an NS-$n$-Lie algebra gives rise to an $n$-Lie algebra together with a representation on itself. Reynolds operators and Nijenhuis operators on an $n$-Lie algebra naturally induce NS-$n$-Lie algebra structures. Finally, we construct Reynolds $(n+1)$-Lie algebras and Reynolds $3$-Lie algebras from Reynolds $n$-Lie algebras and Reynolds commutative associative algebras respectively.
In the paper we study homogeneous Rota-Baxter operators with weight zero on the infinite dimensional simple $3$-Lie algebra $A_{omega}$ over a field $F$ ( $ch F=0$ ) which is realized by an associative commutative algebra $A$ and a derivation $Delta$ and an involution $omega$ ( Lemma mref{lem:rbd3} ). A homogeneous Rota-Baxter operator on $A_{omega}$ is a linear map $R$ of $A_{omega}$ satisfying $R(L_m)=f(m)L_m$ for all generators of $A_{omega}$, where $f : A_{omega} rightarrow F$. We proved that $R$ is a homogeneous Rota-Baxter operator on $A_{omega}$ if and only if $R$ is the one of the five possibilities $R_{0_1}$, $R_{0_2}$,$R_{0_3}$,$R_{0_4}$ and $R_{0_5}$, which are described in Theorem mref{thm:thm1}, mref{thm:thm4}, mref{thm:thm01}, mref{thm:thm03} and mref{thm:thm04}. By the five homogeneous Rota-Baxter operators $R_{0_i}$, we construct new $3$-Lie algebras $(A, [ , , ]_i)$ for $1leq ileq 5$, such that $R_{0_i}$ is the homogeneous Rota-Baxter operator on $3$-Lie algebra $(A, [ , , ]_i)$, respectively.
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