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Register a new userPaleoenvironmental Indicators of Clay Minerals in Miocene Sediments, Northern Iraq
الدلائل البيئية القديمة للمعادن الطينية في ترسبات الميوسين شمال العراق
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سحر عبد قاسم( باحث )
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إن لدراسة المعادن الطينية في تتابعات الميوسبن في شمال العراق أهمية كبيرة في معرفـة البيئـة الترسيبية القديمة، و أثرها في تطور ترسيب هذه الترسبات. يمتاز معدن الباليغورسـكيت بكونـه الأكثـر شيوعا و لاسيما في ترسبات الميوسين الأسفل لتكوين الفرات و الجزء الفتاتي العلوي لتكوين الفتحة مـن الميوسين الأوسط. أظهرت نتائج دراسة المجهر الماسح الالكتروني لأشكال هذا المعدن بنشأته موضـعياً عند توافر الظروف الكيميائية المناسبة له في البيئات التبخرية. أما بقية المعادن (الكاؤولينيت والاليـت) فقد تكونت على الأرجح من أصل فتاتي و حفظت ضمن تلك البيئات. يمتاز الكاؤولينيت الأكثر شيوعاً ضمن فتاتيات تكوين إنجانه من الميوسين الأعلى بوجوده ضمن أشكال سداسية منتظمة ممـا يعكـس الأصـل الفتاتي ضمن تلك الرواسب القارية الأصل.
Clay mineralogy of the Miocene successions taken from northern Iraq constitute an important paleoenvironmental indication for the evolution of these sediments. Palygorskite is a common mineral especially in the lower Miocene sediments of Euphrates formation and the upper detrital part of the Fat'ha Formation belonging to the middle Miocene. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) study indicated that this mineral, was formed authigenically by neoformation in suitable chemical conditions within the evaporitic environments. Other minerals (kaoloinite and illite) have been most probable formed in detrital system and were preserved in those evaporitic conditions. Common kaolinites in the Injana clastic Formation (Upper Miocene) as well as its habit in SEM images are indicators for its detrital origin in such continental sediments.
References used
Al Banna, N.Y., (1982) Sedimentological study of Upper Fars Formation in selected areas, north Iraq. M.Sc Thesis, Mosul University, Iraq, 177 pp
Al-Naqib,S.Q., and Aghwan, Th. A., (1993) Sedimentological study of the clastic unit of the Lower Fars Formation. Iraqi Geological Journal, 26, 108-121
Al-Juboury, A.I., (1994) Petrology and provenance of the Upper Fars Formation (Upper Miocene), Northern Iraq, Acta Geologica Univ Comen Braislava 50: 45-53
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