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Register a new userRevisiting the Uniform Information Density Hypothesis
إعادة النظر في فرضية كثافة المعلومات الموحدة
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تفرض فرضية كثافة المعلومات الموحدة (UID) تفضيل بين مستخدمي اللغة للكلمات المهنية بحيث يتم توزيع هذه المعلومات بشكل موحد عبر إشارة. في حين أن آثارها على الإنتاج اللغوي قد تم استكشافها جيدا، إلا أن الفرضية يحتمل أن تجعل تنبؤات حول فهم اللغة والقبول اللغوي أيضا. علاوة على ذلك، من غير الواضح كيف ينبغي قياس التوحيد في إشارة لغوية --- أو عدم وجوده --- والوحدة اللغوية، على سبيل المثال، الحكم أو مستوى اللغة، يجب أن تعقد هذه التوحيد. نحن هنا التحقيق في هذه الجوانب من الفرضية UID باستخدام وقت القراءة وبيانات القبول. في حين أن نتائج وقت القراءة لدينا تعمل بشكل عام مع العمل السابق، فإنها تتفق أيضا مع تأثير خطي ضعيف ضعيف، والتي ستكون متوافقة مع توقعات UID. للحصول على أحكام القبول، نجد دليلا أكثر وضوحا على أن عدم التوحيد في كثافة المعلومات هو التنبؤ بانخفاض القبول. ثم نستكشف عمليات تشغيل متعددة من UID، بدافع من تفسيرات مختلفة للفرضية الأصلية، وتحليل النطاق الذي تمارسه الضغط نحو التوحيد. تشير القوة التوضيحية المتمثلة في مجموعة فرعية من عمليات الفرعية المقترحة إلى أن أقوى الاتجاه قد يكون الانحدار نحو مفاجأة يعني في جميع أنحاء اللغة، بدلا من العبارة أو الجملة أو الوثيقة --- اكتشاف يدعم تفسير نموذجي ل UID، أي أنه هو المنتج الثانوي للمستخدمين اللغويين تعظيم استخدام قناة اتصال (افتراضية).
The uniform information density (UID) hypothesis posits a preference among language users for utterances structured such that information is distributed uniformly across a signal. While its implications on language production have been well explored, the hypothesis potentially makes predictions about language comprehension and linguistic acceptability as well. Further, it is unclear how uniformity in a linguistic signal---or lack thereof---should be measured, and over which linguistic unit, e.g., the sentence or language level, this uniformity should hold. Here we investigate these facets of the UID hypothesis using reading time and acceptability data. While our reading time results are generally consistent with previous work, they are also consistent with a weakly super-linear effect of surprisal, which would be compatible with UID's predictions. For acceptability judgments, we find clearer evidence that non-uniformity in information density is predictive of lower acceptability. We then explore multiple operationalizations of UID, motivated by different interpretations of the original hypothesis, and analyze the scope over which the pressure towards uniformity is exerted. The explanatory power of a subset of the proposed operationalizations suggests that the strongest trend may be a regression towards a mean surprisal across the language, rather than the phrase, sentence, or document---a finding that supports a typical interpretation of UID, namely that it is the byproduct of language users maximizing the use of a (hypothetical) communication channel.
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