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We construct a phenomenological model which describes the dynamical chiral symmetry breaking (DCSB) of QCD vacuum and reproduces meson spectra. Quark condensates, the pion decay constant, and meson spectra are well reproduced by phenomenological interaction which consists of a linear confining potential, a Coulombic potential, and the t Hooft determinant interaction. In this model, the t Hooft determinant interaction plays a important role not to only eta,eta mass difference, but other meson masses through DCSB.
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From only two elementary quarks ($epsilon_{u}(0) $ and $epsilon_{d}(0)) $ and the symmetries of the regular rhombic dodecahedron, using phenomenological formulae, we deduced the rest masses and the intrinsic quantum numbers (I, S, C, b and Q) of a quark spectrum. The five ground quarks of the four kinds of the deduced quarks are the five quarks of the current quark model. Then, from the quark spectrum, using sum laws and a phenomenological binding energy formula, we deduced a baryon spectrum. Finally, using the sum laws and a phenomenological binding energy formula, we deduce a meson spectrum from the quark spectrum. The intrinsic quantum numbers (I, S, C, b and Q) of the deduced baryons and the deduced mesons are the same as those of the experimental results. The rest masses of the deduced baryons and the deduced mesons are consistent with the experimental results (98%). Most of the deduced quarks in Table 11 have already been discovered by experiments. This paper infers that there are huge constant binding energies for baryons and mesons respectively. The huge binding energies provide a possible foundation for the confinement of the quarks. This paper predicts many new baryons $Lambda_{c}^{+}(6599) $, $Lambda {b}^{0}(9959) $ and $Lambda ^{0}(3369) $, ...) and new mesons (D(6231), B(9503) and $Upsilon (17868) $, ...)
Spontaneous magnetization and magnetic susceptibility originated from the pseudovector-type four-point interaction between quarks are calculated in quark matter with zero temperature and finite quark chemical potential by using the two-flavor Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. It is shown that both the chiral condensate and spin polarized condensate coexist in a narrow region of the quark chemical potential. And then, it is also shown that, in this narrow region, the spontaneous magnetization appears. Also, the magnetic susceptibility due to quarks with the positive energy is evaluated in the spin polarized phase.
Using phenomenological formulae, we deduce the masses and quantum numbers of the quarks from two elementary quarks ($epsilon_{u}$ and $epsilon_{d}$) first. Then using the sum laws and a binding energy formula, in terms of the qqq baryon model and SU(4), we deduce the masses and quantum numbers of the important baryons from the deduced quarks. At the same time, using the sum laws and a binding energy formula, in terms of the quark-antiquark bound state meson model, we deduce the masses and quantum numbers of the mesons from the deduced quarks. The deduced masses of the baryons and mesons are 98% consistent with experimental results. The deduced quantum numbers of the baryons and mesons match with the experimental results exactly. In fact this paper improves upon the Quark Model, making it more powerful and more reasonable. It predicts some baryonsalso. PACS: 12.39.-x; 14.65.-q; 14.20.-c keywords: phenomenology, elementary, quark, mass, SU(4), baryon, meson
In this work, the different exchange freedom, one gluon, one pion or Goldstone boson, in constituent quark model is investigated, which is responsible to the hyperfine interaction between constituent quarks, via the combined analysis of the eta production processes, $pi^{-}prightarroweta n$ and $gamma prightarroweta p$. With the Goldstone-boson exchange, as well as the one-gluon or one-pion exchange, both the spectrum and observables, such as, the differential cross section and polarized beam asymmetry, are fitted to the suggested values of Particle Data Group and the experimental data. The first two types of exchange freedoms give acceptable description of the spectrum and observables while the one pion exchange can not describe the observables and spectrum simultaneously, so can be excluded. The experimental data for the two processes considered here strongly support the mixing angles for two lowest S11 sates and D13 states as about -30 and 6 degree respectively.
Quark partners with non-chiral couplings appear in several extensions of the Standard Model. They may have non-trivial generational structure to their couplings, and may be produced either in pairs via the strong and EM interactions, or singly via the new couplings of the model. Their decays often produce heavy quarks and gauge bosons, which will contribute to a variety of already-measured Standard Model cross-sections at the LHC. We present a study of the sensitivity of such published LHC measurements to vector-like quarks, first comparing to limits already obtained from dedicated searches, and then broadening to some so-far unstudied parameter regions.
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