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We review the prospects for B decay studies at the LHC.
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With the completion of Run~I of the CERN Large Hadron Collider, particle physics has entered a new era. The production of unprecedented numbers of heavy-flavoured hadrons in high energy proton-proton collisions allows detailed studies of flavour-changing processes. The increasingly precise measurements allow to probe the Standard Model with a new level of accuracy. Rare $b$ hadron decays provide some of the most promising approaches for such tests, since there are several observables which can be cleanly interpreted from a theoretical viewpoint. In this article, the status and prospects in this field are reviewed, with a focus on precision measurements and null tests.
Quark flavour conserving (QFC) fermionic squark decays, such as ~t_{1,2} -> t neutralino_i, are usually assumed in squark search analyses. Here we study quark flavour violating (QFV) bosonic squark decays, such as ~u_2 -> ~u_1 h^0/Z^0, where the mass eigenstates ~u_{1,2} are mixtures of scharm and stop quarks. We show that the branching ratios of such QFV decays can be very large due to sizable ~c_R - ~t_{R/L} and ~t_R - ~t_L mixing effects despite the very strong constraints on the QFV parameters from B meson data. This can result in remarkable QFV signatures with significant rates at LHC (14 TeV), such as pp -> gluino gluino X -> t c bar{c} bar{c} h^0/Z^0 missing-E_T X and pp -> gluino gluino X -> t t bar{c} bar{c} h^0/Z^0 missing-E_T X. The QFV bosonic squark decays can play an important role in the squark and gluino searches at LHC (14 TeV).
Recently there has been much interest in the use of single-jet mass and jet substructure to identify boosted particles decaying hadronically at the LHC. We develop these ideas to address the challenging case of a neutralino decaying to three quarks in models with baryonic violation of R-parity. These decays have previously been found to be swamped by QCD backgrounds. We demonstrate for the first time that such a decay might be observed directly at the LHC with high significance, by exploiting characteristics of the scales at which its composite jet breaks up into subjets.
We study the LHC sensitivity to probe a long-lived heavy neutrino $N$ in the context of $Z$ models. We focus on displaced vertex signatures of $N$ when pair produced via a $Z$, decaying to leptons and jets inside the inner trackers of the LHC experiments. We explore the LHC reach with current long-lived particle search strategies for either one or two displaced vertices in association with hadronic tracks or jets. We focus on two well-motivated models, namely, the minimal $U(1)_{B-L}$ scenario and its $U(1)_{X}$ extension. We find that searches for at least one displaced vertex can cover a significant portion of the parameter space, with light-heavy neutrino mixings as low as $|V_{lN}|^2approx 10^{-17}$, and $l=e,mu$ accessible across GeV scale heavy neutrino masses.
We study the effects of squark generation mixing on squark and gluino production and decays at LHC in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) with focus on the mixing between second and third generation squarks. Taking into account the constraints from B-physics experiments we show that various regions in parameter space exist where decays of squarks and/or gluinos into quark flavour violating (QFV) final states can have large branching ratios. Here we consider both fermionic and bosonic decays of squarks. Rates of the corresponding QFV signals, e.g. pp -> t t bar{c} bar{c} missing-E_T X, can be significant at LHC(14 TeV). We find that the inclusion of flavour mixing effects can be important for the search of squarks and gluinos and the determination of the underlying model parameters of the MSSM at LHC.
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