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Register a new userSub-mm tests of the gravitational inverse-square law
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Authors
E. G. Adelberger
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Sub-mm tests of the gravitational inverse-square law are interesting from several quite different perspectives. This paper discusses work by the Eot-Wash group performed since the publication of our initial result in February 2001. We find no evidence for short-range Yukawa interactions. Our results provide an upper limit of 200 micrometers on the size of the largest ``extra dimension, and for the unification scenario with 2 large extra dimensions, set an upper limit of 150 micrometers on the size of those dimensions.
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Motivated by a variety of theories that predict new effects, we tested the gravitational 1/r^2 law at separations between 10.77 mm and 137 microns using two different 10-fold azimuthally symmetric torsion pendulums and rotating 10-fold symmetric attractors. Our work improves upon other experiments by up to a factor of about 100. We found no deviation from Newtonian physics at the 95% confidence level and interpret these results as constraints on extensions of the Standard Model that predict Yukawa or power-law forces. We set a constraint on the largest single extra dimension (assuming toroidal compactification and that one extra dimension is significantly larger than all the others) of R <= 160 microns, and on two equal-sized large extra dimensions of R <= 130 microns. Yukawa interactions with |alpha| >= 1 are ruled out at 95% confidence for lambda >= 197 microns. Extra-dimensions scenarios stabilized by radions are restricted to unification masses M >= 3.0 TeV/c^2, regardless of the number of large extra dimensions. We also provide new constraints on power-law potentials V(r)propto r^{-k} with k between 2 and 5 and on the gamma_5 couplings of pseudoscalars with m <= 10 meV/c^2.
Motivated by higher-dimensional theories that predict new effects, we tested the gravitational 1/r^2 law at separations ranging down to 218 micrometers using a 10-fold symmetric torsion pendulum and a rotating 10-fold symmetric attractor. We improved previous short-range constraints by up to a factor of 1000 and find no deviations from Newtonian physics.
A search for sidereal variations in the non-Newtonian force between two tungsten plates separated at millimeter ranges sets experimental limits on Lorentz invariance violation involving quadratic couplings of Riemann curvature. We show that the Lorentz invariance violation force between two finite flat plates is dominated by the edge effects, which includes a suppression effect leading to lower limits than previous rough estimates. From this search, we determine the current best constraints of the Lorentz invariance violating coefficients at a level of $10^{-8}$ m$^{2}$.
We use data from our recent search for violations of the gravitational inverse-square law to constrain dilaton, radion and chameleon exchange forces as well as arbitrary vector or scalar interactions. We test the interpretation of the PVLAS effect and a conjectured ``fat graviton scenario and constrain the $gamma_5$ couplings of pseuodscalar bosons and arbitrary power-law interactions.
We discuss a possibility that the so-called reactor antineutrino anomaly can be, at least in part, explained by applying a quantum field-theoretical approach to neutrino oscillations, which in particular predicts a small deviation from the classical inverse-square law at short but macroscopic distances between the neutrino source and detector. An extensive statistical analysis of the reactor data is performed to examine this speculation.
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