No Arabic abstract
We consider non-linear stochastic field equations such as the KPZ equation for deposition and the noise driven Navier-Stokes equation for hydrodynamics. We focus on the Fourier transform of the time dependent two point field correlation, $Phi_{bf{k}}(t)$. We employ a Lagrangian method aimed at obtaining the distribution function of the possible histories of the system in a way that fits naturally with our previous work on the static distribution. Our main result is a non-linear integro-differential equation for $Phi_{bf{k}}(t)$, which is derived from a Peierls-Boltzmann type transport equation for its Fourier transform in time $Phi_{bf{k}, omega}$. That transport equation is a natural extension of the steady state transport equation, we previously derived for $Phi_{bf{k}}(0)$. We find a new and remarkable result which applies to all the non-linear systems studied here. The long time decay of $Phi_{bf{k}}(t)$ is described by $Phi_{bf{k}}(t) sim exp(-a|{bf k}|t^{gamma})$, where $a$ is a constant and $gamma$ is system dependent.
The lectures provide a pedagogical introduction to the methods of CFT as applied to two-dimensional critical behaviour.
In this work the non-equilibrium density operator approach introduced by Zubarev more than 50 years ago to describe quantum systems at local thermodynamic equilibrium is revisited. This method - which was used to obtain the first Kubo formula of shear viscosity, is especially suitable to describe quantum effects in fluids. This feature makes it a viable tool to describe the physics of the Quark Gluon Plasma in relativistic nuclear collisions.
The framework of non-extensive statistical mechanics, proposed by Tsallis, has been used to describe a variety of systems. The non-extensive statistical mechanics is usually introduced in a formal way, using the maximization of entropy. In this article we investigate the canonical ensemble in the non-extensive statistical mechanics using a more traditional way, by considering a small system interacting with a large reservoir via short-range forces. The reservoir is characterized by generalized entropy instead of the Boltzmann-Gibbs entropy. Assuming equal probabilities for all available microstates we derive the equations of the non-extensive statistical mechanics. Such a procedure can provide deeper insight into applicability of the non-extensive statistics.
We propose a two-parametric non-distributive algebraic structure that follows from $(q,q)$-logarithm and $(q,q)$-exponential functions. Properties of generalized $(q,q)$-operators are analyzed. We also generalize the proposal into a multi-parametric structure (generalization of logarithm and exponential functions and the corresponding algebraic operators). All $n$-parameter expressions recover $(n-1)$-generalization when the corresponding $q_nto1$. Nonextensive statistical mechanics has been the source of successive generalizations of entropic forms and mathematical structures, in which this work is a consequence.
The non-extensive statistical mechanics has been used to describe a variety of complex systems. The maximization of entropy, often used to introduce the non-extensive statistical mechanics, is a formal procedure and does not easily leads to physical insight. In this article we investigate the canonical ensemble in the non-extensive statistical mechanics by considering a small system interacting with a large reservoir via short-range forces and assuming equal probabilities for all available microstates. We concentrate on the situation when the reservoir is characterized by generalized entropy with non-extensivity parameter q>1. We also investigate the problem of divergence in the non-extensive statistical mechanics occurring when q>1 and show that there is a limit on the growth of the number of microstates of the system that is given by the same expression for all values of q.