No Arabic abstract
We give an interpretation of the $(q,t)$-deformed Cartan matrices of finite type and their inverses in terms of bigraded modules over the generalized preprojective algebras of Langlands dual type in the sense of Geiss-Leclerc-Schr{o}er~[Invent.~math.~{bf{209}} (2017)]. As an application, we compute the first extension groups between the generic kernels introduced by Hernandez-Leclerc~[J.~Eur.~Math.~Soc.~{bf 18} (2016)], and propose a conjecture that their dimensions coincide with the pole orders of the normalized $R$-matrices between the corresponding Kirillov-Reshetikhin modules.
Geiss-Leclerc-Schroer [Invent. Math. 209 (2017)] has introduced a notion of generalized preprojective algebra associated with a generalized Cartan matrix and its symmetrizer. This class of algebra realizes a crystal structure on the set of maximal dimensional irreducible components of the nilpotent variety [Selecta Math. (N.S.) 24 (2018)]. For general finite types, we give stratifications of these components via partial orders of torsion classes in module categories of generalized preprojective algebras in terms of Weyl groups. In addition, we realize Mirkovic-Vilonen polytopes from generic modules of these components, and give a identification as crystals between the set of Mirkovic-Vilonen polytopes and the set of maximal dimensional irreducible components except for type $mathsf{G}_2$. This generalizes results of Baumann-Kamnitzer [Represent. Theory 16 (2012)] and Baumann-Kamnitzer-Tingley [Publ. Math. Inst. Hautes Etudes Sci. 120 (2014)].
We determine the Z-module structure of the preprojective algebra and its zeroth Hochschild homology, for any non-Dynkin quiver (and hence the structure working over any base commutative ring, of any characteristic). This answers (and generalizes) a conjecture of Hesselholt and Rains, producing new $p$-torsion classes in degrees 2p^l, l >= 1, We relate these classes by p-th power maps and interpret them in terms of the kernel of Verschiebung maps from noncommutative Witt theory. An important tool is a generalization of the Diamond Lemma to modules over commutative rings, which we give in the appendix. In the previous version, additional results are included, such as: the Poisson center of $text{Sym } HH_0(Pi)$ for all quivers, the BV algebra structure on Hochschild cohomology, including how the Lie algebra structure $HH_0(Pi_Q)$ naturally arises from it, and the cyclic homology groups of $Pi_Q$.
The inverses of indecomposable Cartan matrices are computed for finite-dimensional Lie algebras and Lie superalgebras over fields of any characteristic, and for hyperbolic (almost affine) complex Lie (super)algebras. We discovered three yet inexplicable new phenomena, of which (a) and (b) concern hyperbolic (almost affine) complex Lie (super)algebras, except for the 5 Lie superalgebras whose Cartan matrices have 0 on the main diagonal: (a) several of the inverses of Cartan matrices have all their elements negative (not just non-positive, as they should be according to an a priori characterization due to Zhang Hechun); (b) the 0s only occur on the main diagonals of the inverses; (c) the determinants of inequivalent Cartan matrices of the simple Lie (super)algebra may differ (in any characteristic). We interpret most of the results of Wei Yangjiang and Zou Yi Ming, Inverses of Cartan matrices of Lie algebras and Lie superalgebras, Linear Alg. Appl., 521 (2017) 283--298 as inverses of the Gram matrices of non-degenerate invariant symmetric bilinear forms on the (super)algebras considered, not of Cartan matrices, and give more adequate references. In particular, the inverses of Cartan matrices of simple Lie algebras were already published, starting with Dynkins paper in 1952, see also Table 2 in Springers book by Onishchik and Vinberg (1990).
Let $U_q(mathfrak{g})$ be a twisted affine quantum group of type $A_{N}^{(2)}$ or $D_{N}^{(2)}$ and let $mathfrak{g}_{0}$ be the finite-dimensional simple Lie algebra of type $A_{N}$ or $D_{N}$. For a Dynkin quiver of type $mathfrak{g}_{0}$, we define a full subcategory ${mathcal C}_{Q}^{(2)}$ of the category of finite-dimensional integrable $U_q(mathfrak{g})$-modules, a twisted version of the category ${mathcal C}_{Q}$ introduced by Hernandez and Leclerc. Applying the general scheme of affine Schur-Weyl duality, we construct an exact faithful KLR-type duality functor ${mathcal F}_{Q}^{(2)}: Rep(R) rightarrow {mathcal C}_{Q}^{(2)}$, where $Rep(R)$ is the category of finite-dimensional modules over the quiver Hecke algebra $R$ of type $mathfrak{g}_{0}$ with nilpotent actions of the generators $x_k$. We show that ${mathcal F}_{Q}^{(2)}$ sends any simple object to a simple object and induces a ring isomorphism $K(Rep(R)) simeq K({mathcal C}_{Q}^{(2)})$.
For a symmetrizable GCM $C$ and its symmetrizer $D$, Geiss-Leclerc-Schroer [Invent. Math. 209 (2017)] has introduced a generalized preprojective algebra $Pi$ associated to $C$ and $D$, that contains a class of modules, called locally free modules. We show that any basic support $tau$-tilting $Pi$-module is locally free and gives a classification theorem of torsion-free classes in $operatorname{mathbf{rep}}{Pi}$ as the generalization of the work of Mizuno [Math. Z. 277 (2014)].