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Integer partitions express the different ways that a positive integer may be written as a sum of other positive integers. Here we explore the analytic properties of a polynomial $f_lambda(x)$ that we call the partition polynomial for the partition $lambda$, with the hope of learning new properties of partitions. We prove a recursive formula for the derivatives of $f_lambda(x)$ involving Stirling numbers of the second kind, show that the set of integrals from 0 to 1 of a normalized version of $f_lambda(x)$ is dense in $[0,1/2]$, pose a few open questions, and formulate a conjecture relating the integral to the length of the partition. We also provide specific examples throughout to support our speculation that an in-depth analysis of partition polynomials could further strengthen our understanding of partitions.
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Using the following $_4F_3$ transformation formula $$ sum_{k=0}^{n}{-x-1choose k}^2{xchoose n-k}^2=sum_{k=0}^{n}{n+kchoose 2k}{2kchoose k}^2{x+kchoose 2k}, $$ which can be proved by Zeilbergers algorithm, we confirm some special cases of a recent conjecture of Z.-W. Sun on integer-valued polynomials.
In recent work, M. Schneider and the first author studied a curious class of integer partitions called sequentially congruent partitions: the $m$th part is congruent to the $(m+1)$th part modulo $m$, with the smallest part congruent to zero modulo the number of parts. Let $p_{mathcal S}(n)$ be the number of sequentially congruent partitions of $n,$ and let $p_{square}(n)$ be the number of partitions of $n$ wherein all parts are squares. In this note we prove bijectively, for all $ngeq 1,$ that $p_{mathcal S}(n) = p_{square}(n).$ Our proof naturally extends to show other exotic classes of partitions of $n$ are in bijection with certain partitions of $n$ into $k$th powers.
We study the row-space partition and the pivot partition on the matrix space $mathbb{F}_q^{n times m}$. We show that both these partitions are reflexive and that the row-space partition is self-dual. Moreover, using various combinatorial methods, we explicitly compute the Krawtchouk coefficients associated with these partitions. This establishes MacWilliams-type identities for the row-space and pivot enumerators of linear rank-metric codes. We then generalize the Singleton-like bound for rank-metric codes, and introduce two new concepts of code extremality. Both of them generalize the notion of MRD codes and are preserved by trace-duality. Moreover, codes that are extremal according to either notion satisfy strong rigidity properties analogous to those of MRD codes. As an application of our results to combinatorics, we give closed formulas for the $q$-rook polynomials associated with Ferrers diagram boards. Moreover, we exploit connections between matrices over finite fields and rook placements to prove that the number of matrices of rank $r$ over $mathbb{F}_q$ supported on a Ferrers diagram is a polynomial in $q$, whose degree is strictly increasing in $r$. Finally, we investigate the natural analogues of the MacWilliams Extension Theorem for the rank, the row-space, and the pivot partitions.
Let $kappa$ be a positive real number and $minmathbb{N}cup{infty}$ be given. Let $p_{kappa, m}(n)$ denote the number of partitions of $n$ into the parts from the Piatestki-Shapiro sequence $(lfloor ell^{kappa}rfloor)_{ellin mathbb{N}}$ with at most $m$ times (repetition allowed). In this paper we establish asymptotic formulas of Hardy-Ramanujan type for $p_{kappa, m}(n)$, by employing a framework of asymptotics of partitions established by Roth-Szekeres in 1953, as well as some results on equidistribution.
A conjecture of Le says that the Deligne polytope $Delta_d$ is generically ordinary if $pequiv 1 (!!bmod D(Delta_d))$, where $D(Delta_d)$ is a combinatorial constant determined by $Delta_d$. In this paper a counterexample is given to show that the conjecture is not true in general.
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