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Register a new userData Optimisation for a Deep Learning Recommender System
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Added by
Martin Tegner
Publication date
2021
fields
Informatics Engineering
and research's language is
English
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This paper advocates privacy preserving requirements on collection of user data for recommender systems. The purpose of our study is twofold. First, we ask if restrictions on data collection will hurt test quality of RNN-based recommendations. We study how validation performance depends on the available amount of training data. We use a combination of top-K accuracy, catalog coverage and novelty for this purpose, since good recommendations for the user is not necessarily captured by a traditional accuracy metric. Second, we ask if we can improve the quality under minimal data by using secondary data sources. We propose knowledge transfer for this purpose and construct a representation to measure similarities between purchase behaviour in data. This to make qualified judgements of which source domain will contribute the most. Our results show that (i) there is a saturation in test performance when training size is increased above a critical point. We also discuss the interplay between different performance metrics, and properties of data. Moreover, we demonstrate that (ii) our representation is meaningful for measuring purchase behaviour. In particular, results show that we can leverage secondary data to improve validation performance if we select a relevant source domain according to our similarly measure.
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Recent advances in research have demonstrated the effectiveness of knowledge graphs (KG) in providing valuable external knowledge to improve recommendation systems (RS). A knowledge graph is capable of encoding high-order relations that connect two objects with one or multiple related attributes. With the help of the emerging Graph Neural Networks (GNN), it is possible to extract both object characteristics and relations from KG, which is an essential factor for successful recommendations. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive survey of the GNN-based knowledge-aware deep recommender systems. Specifically, we discuss the state-of-the-art frameworks with a focus on their core component, i.e., the graph embedding module, and how they address practical recommendation issues such as scalability, cold-start and so on. We further summarize the commonly-used benchmark datasets, evaluation metrics as well as open-source codes. Finally, we conclude the survey and propose potential research directions in this rapidly growing field.
A significant remaining challenge for existing recommender systems is that users may not trust the recommender systems for either lack of explanation or inaccurate recommendation results. Thus, it becomes critical to embrace a trustworthy recommender system. This survey provides a systemic summary of three categories of trust-aware recommender systems: social-aware recommender systems that leverage users social relationships; robust recommender systems that filter untruthful noises (e.g., spammers and fake information) or enhance attack resistance; explainable recommender systems that provide explanations of recommended items. We focus on the work based on deep learning techniques, an emerging area in the recommendation research.
In the last decade we have observed a mass increase of information, in particular information that is shared through smartphones. Consequently, the amount of information that is available does not allow the average user to be aware of all his options. In this context, recommender systems use a number of techniques to help a user find the desired product. Hence, nowadays recommender systems play an important role. Recommender Systems aim to identify products that best fits user preferences. These techniques are advantageous to both users and vendors, as it enables the user to rapidly find what he needs and the vendors to promote their products and sales. As the industry became aware of the gains that could be accomplished by using these algorithms, also a very interesting problem for many researchers, recommender systems became a very active area since the mid 90s. Having in mind that this is an ongoing problem the present thesis intends to observe the value of using a recommender algorithm to find users likes by observing her domain preferences. In a balanced probabilistic method, this thesis will show how news topics can be used to recommend news articles. In this thesis, we used different machine learning methods to determine the user ratings for an article. To tackle this problem, supervised learning methods such as linear regression, Naive Bayes and logistic regression are used. All the aforementioned models have a different nature which has an impact on the solution of the given problem. Furthermore, number of experiments are presented and discussed to identify the feature set that fits best to the problem.
The feedback data of recommender systems are often subject to what was exposed to the users; however, most learning and evaluation methods do not account for the underlying exposure mechanism. We first show in theory that applying supervised learning to detect user preferences may end up with inconsistent results in the absence of exposure information. The counterfactual propensity-weighting approach from causal inference can account for the exposure mechanism; nevertheless, the partial-observation nature of the feedback data can cause identifiability issues. We propose a principled solution by introducing a minimax empirical risk formulation. We show that the relaxation of the dual problem can be converted to an adversarial game between two recommendation models, where the opponent of the candidate model characterizes the underlying exposure mechanism. We provide learning bounds and conduct extensive simulation studies to illustrate and justify the proposed approach over a broad range of recommendation settings, which shed insights on the various benefits of the proposed approach.
Group recommender systems are widely used in current web applications. In this paper, we propose a novel group recommender system based on the deep reinforcement learning. We introduce the MovieLens data at first and generate one random group dataset, MovieLens-Rand, from it. This randomly generated dataset is described and analyzed. We also present experimental settings and two state-of-art baselines, AGREE and GroupIM. The framework of our novel model, the Deep Reinforcement learning based Group Recommender system (DRGR), is proposed. Actor-critic networks are implemented with the deep deterministic policy gradient algorithm. The DRGR model is applied on the MovieLens-Rand dataset with two baselines. Compared with baselines, we conclude that DRGR performs better than GroupIM due to long interaction histories but worse than AGREE because of the self-attention mechanism. We express advantages and shortcomings of DRGR and also give future improvement directions at the end.
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