No Arabic abstract
In the interactive segmentation, users initially click on the target object to segment the main body and then provide corrections on mislabeled regions to iteratively refine the segmentation masks. Most existing methods transform these user-provided clicks into interaction maps and concatenate them with image as the input tensor. Typically, the interaction maps are determined by measuring the distance of each pixel to the clicked points, ignoring the relation between clicks and mislabeled regions. We propose a Dynamic Click Transform Network~(DCT-Net), consisting of Spatial-DCT and Feature-DCT, to better represent user interactions. Spatial-DCT transforms each user-provided click with individual diffusion distance according to the target scale, and Feature-DCT normalizes the extracted feature map to a specific distribution predicted from the clicked points. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method and achieve favorable performance compared to the state-of-the-art on three standard benchmark datasets.
Annotating videos with object segmentation masks typically involves a two stage procedure of drawing polygons per object instance for all the frames and then linking them through time. While simple, this is a very tedious, time consuming and expensive process, making the creation of accurate annotations at scale only possible for well-funded labs. What if we were able to segment an object in the full video with only a single click? This will enable video segmentation at scale with a very low budget opening the door to many applications. Towards this goal, in this paper we propose a bottom up approach where given a single click for each object in a video, we obtain the segmentation masks of these objects in the full video. In particular, we construct a correlation volume that assigns each pixel in a target frame to either one of the objects in the reference frame or the background. We then refine this correlation volume via a recurrent attention module and decode the final segmentation. To evaluate the performance, we label the popular and challenging Cityscapes dataset with video object segmentations. Results on this new CityscapesVideo dataset show that our approach outperforms all the baselines in this challenging setting.
Manually labeling video datasets for segmentation tasks is extremely time consuming. In this paper, we introduce ScribbleBox, a novel interactive framework for annotating object instances with masks in videos. In particular, we split annotation into two steps: annotating objects with tracked boxes, and labeling masks inside these tracks. We introduce automation and interaction in both steps. Box tracks are annotated efficiently by approximating the trajectory using a parametric curve with a small number of control points which the annotator can interactively correct. Our approach tolerates a modest amount of noise in the box placements, thus typically only a few clicks are needed to annotate tracked boxes to a sufficient accuracy. Segmentation masks are corrected via scribbles which are efficiently propagated through time. We show significant performance gains in annotation efficiency over past work. We show that our ScribbleBox approach reaches 88.92% J&F on DAVIS2017 with 9.14 clicks per box track, and 4 frames of scribble annotation.
Weakly-supervised object detection has recently attracted increasing attention since it only requires image-levelannotations. However, the performance obtained by existingmethods is still far from being satisfactory compared with fully-supervised object detection methods. To achieve a good trade-off between annotation cost and object detection performance,we propose a simple yet effective method which incorporatesCNN visualization with click supervision to generate the pseudoground-truths (i.e., bounding boxes). These pseudo ground-truthscan be used to train a fully-supervised detector. To estimatethe object scale, we firstly adopt a proposal selection algorithmto preserve high-quality proposals, and then generate ClassActivation Maps (CAMs) for these preserved proposals by theproposed CNN visualization algorithm called Spatial AttentionCAM. Finally, we fuse these CAMs together to generate pseudoground-truths and train a fully-supervised object detector withthese ground-truths. Experimental results on the PASCAL VOC2007 and VOC 2012 datasets show that the proposed methodcan obtain much higher accuracy for estimating the object scale,compared with the state-of-the-art image-level based methodsand the center-click based method
Training object class detectors typically requires a large set of images with objects annotated by bounding boxes. However, manually drawing bounding boxes is very time consuming. In this paper we greatly reduce annotation time by proposing center-click annotations: we ask annotators to click on the center of an imaginary bounding box which tightly encloses the object instance. We then incorporate these clicks into existing Multiple Instance Learning techniques for weakly supervised object localization, to jointly localize object bounding boxes over all training images. Extensive experiments on PASCAL VOC 2007 and MS COCO show that: (1) our scheme delivers high-quality detectors, performing substantially better than those produced by weakly supervised techniques, with a modest extra annotation effort; (2) these detectors in fact perform in a range close to those trained from manually drawn bounding boxes; (3) as the center-click task is very fast, our scheme reduces total annotation time by 9x to 18x.
Compared with tedious per-pixel mask annotating, it is much easier to annotate data by clicks, which costs only several seconds for an image. However, applying clicks to learn video semantic segmentation model has not been explored before. In this work, we propose an effective weakly-supervised video semantic segmentation pipeline with click annotations, called WeClick, for saving laborious annotating effort by segmenting an instance of the semantic class with only a single click. Since detailed semantic information is not captured by clicks, directly training with click labels leads to poor segmentation predictions. To mitigate this problem, we design a novel memory flow knowledge distillation strategy to exploit temporal information (named memory flow) in abundant unlabeled video frames, by distilling the neighboring predictions to the target frame via estimated motion. Moreover, we adopt vanilla knowledge distillation for model compression. In this case, WeClick learns compact video semantic segmentation models with the low-cost click annotations during the training phase yet achieves real-time and accurate models during the inference period. Experimental results on Cityscapes and Camvid show that WeClick outperforms the state-of-the-art methods, increases performance by 10.24% mIoU than baseline, and achieves real-time execution.